quran sunnah

Ijm’a Qiyas
(consensus of
(analogy)
opinion)
Literally: to recite OR to read
Legally: The scripture revealed to the Prophet
MUHAMMAD ‫ & َصلَّی َُّّللاه َعلَيْهُ َو َسلََُّم‬transmitted to us with
having no doubt or distrust , comes under the
umbrella of the Quran.
Quran is the first source of Islamic law.
It is a primary source which is independent
of all sources.
It contains a divine code of conduct for all
Muslims which contains teachings for
Muslims on how to lead lives.
• The holy Quran consists on:
• beliefs
• morality
• worship
• anecdotes
• predictions
• civil-transactions
• laws
 “Sunnah” whereas
legally means: the word “hadith”
the sayings, only refers to the
actions silent sayings of prophet
approvals or Muhammad .‫َصلَّیُ َّّللاهُ َعلَيْهُ َو َُسلََُّم‬
modal visage of
the Prophet
Muhammad ( ُ‫ّللاه َُعلَيْه‬
َُّ ‫صلَّی‬
َ
ُ‫سلَّ َم‬
َ ‫)و‬.
َ
 In Qur’an both the  In Hadith-e-Qudsi
words as well as only meaning is
meaning is revealed by
revealed by Allah Allah (subhanahu wa Ta'ala)
(subhanahu wa Ta'ala). which is put into
words by muhammad
.
(Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam)

(So Hadith-e-Qudsi is not of

the same status as Qur’an).
 Allah (subhanahu wa Ta'ala) says in qur’an:

 this divine promise also includes, by necessity, the

Sunnah of the Muhammad ‫ َصلَّی َُّّللاه َعلَيْهُ َو َسلَّ َُم‬,
 because the Sunnah is the practical example of the
implementation of the Qur'anic guidance,
 and the Qur'an can not be understood correctly
According To The Reference To A Four Types Of
Ahadith Can Be Identified.
▪ - Divine; a revelation from Allah (subhanahu wa Ta'ala);
relayed with the words of the Prophet ‫ َصلَّی َُّّللاه َعلَيْهُ َو َسلَّ َُم‬.
( )

- elevated; a narration from the Prophet ‫ َصلَّی َُّّللاه َعلَيْهُ َو َُسلَّ َُم‬,
( )

e.g., I heard the Prophet ‫ َصلَّی َُّّللاه َعلَيْهُ َو َسلَّ َُم‬saying ...
( )

- stopped: a narration from a companion only,

e.g., we were commanded to …. or we used to say
- severed: a narration from a successor.
According to the involved in each stage of
isnad four types of ahadith can be identified
- Consecutive: is a hadith which is reported by such a
large number of people that they cannot be expected to agree
upon a lie, all of them together.
- famous: hadith reported by more than two reporters.
- rare, strong: at any stage in the isnad, only two reporters
are found to narrate the hadith.
- strange: At some stage of the isnad, only one reporter is
found relating it.
According to the reliability and memory of the reporters
the hadith can be:

Sound, Faultless.
That Hadith Which Is Transmitted By Successive
Narrators Upto The End Without Any Missing Link Between Them In
The Chain Of Transmission. In This All The Narrators Are Highly Pious,
Authentic And Reliable And There Is No Weakness In This Hadith Either
As Regards To Chain Of Transmission Or As Regards To The Text
 Hasan—Nice, good
A Hadith which is like Sahih Hadith in all
respects except that some of its narrators are found to have little
defective memory. It is next to Sahih Hadith in Status.
▪ Qutaiba narrates on the authority of ,
he on the authority of Abi Bakar bin Abi Musa his father Al-
Asha'ri who says that he heard Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi
Wasallam) saying:
▪ "Jannat is under the shadow of swords".
 Fabricated or Forged Hadith.

It is that Hadith which a liar

fabricates and then attributes it to Rasulullah (Sallallahu
Alaihi Wasallam).
 Weak.
That Hadith which does not fulfill
the criteria of Hasan. In this Hadith there is some
 defect either in the chain of transmission or
 one of the reporters having a disparaged character, such
as due to his telling lies, excessive mistakes, opposition to
the narration of more reliable sources, involvement in
innovation, or ambiguity
 The word Ijma’ literally means agreeing
upon or uniting in opinion.
 it refers to the consensus reached by the
Muslim Scholars on some matter about
which detailed answer in the Quran and the
Sunnah is unavailable as such.
There are many instances in which no
clear parable is available in the Quran or
Sunnah.
the salat-u-taraweeh with congregation,
in the month of ramazan which did not exist
at the time of the Holy Prophet with
congregation, but a few times.
 But umar(R.a) prescribed it for all
the muslims in presence of all the
companions of the holy prophet and no
one made any contradiction on it.
 We trace the roots of Ijma from the
Quranic commandments of “consulting
each other”.
 It must be remembered that a deep
knowledge of Quran and Sunnah is
compulsory for a person or group of
persons who observe Ijma.
 Qiyas is the fourth source (asl) of Islamic
Law.
 Literally, Qiyas means measuring or
comparing with or judging by comparing.
 Qiyas is actually a legal method of
deducting one principle from another by
comparing them together.
 Qiyas can only be performed when
both the Quran and Sunnah are silent
on a particular issue
and
even no Ijma has been performed.
Therefore, the purpose of Qiyas is
primarily to facilitate Muslims to fashion
their lives according to Islam in the
modern world.
Like Ijma, Qiyas too, finds its approval in
the primary sources of Islamic law.
 The Quran says: “marry women of your choice,
two or three or four; but if you fear you
shall not be able to do justice then only one.”
 Here the second clause (but if you fear…)
allows for humans to apply their own
reasoning and chose for what suits them best,
but within the limits defined by Quran.
 the Sunnah also approves of the Qiyas in the
following incident:
When the Holy Prophet sent Muadh Ibn Jabal as
governor of Yemen, he asked him: “How will you
reach a judgment when a question arises?”
Muadh replied: “according to the word of
Allah.” “And if you find nothing therein?” He then
replied: “Then according to Sunnah of the
messenger of Allah.”
 The Prophet again questioned: “And if you
find nothing therein?” On this, Muadh said:
“Then I shall take the decision according to
my opinion”.
 The Prophet was extremely pleased at
his response.
 Qiyas can be divided into 4 portions:
 : the actual thing about which the
injunction in Quran or Sunnah exists.
 : the thing being judged.
 : reasoning behind the injunction.
 : the new deduction made.
The Quran forbids sales transactions
after the call of prayer on Friday ,
all kinds of transactions
because like sales they also distract
Muslims from the Friday Prayers .
have been forbidden ,
The Holy Quran forbids the use of Khamr, an
alcohol of grapes etc .
By analogy, heroin and other intoxicants

because like Khamr they also cause

intoxication
are also banned