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BLOCK ONKOLOGY
PERSPECTIVE
DNA
Translation
RNA
Transcription
Protein
A gene is expressed in 3 steps:
1) Transcription: RNA synthesis
2) Splicing: removal of intron sequence from RNA
3) Translation: Protein synthesis
Genetic alteration may arise direct or
indirect from:
1. Inherited gen mutations
2.Chemical or radiation induced DNA
damage and genetic instability
3.Incorporation of virus into the cell
4.Random error during DNA synthesis
Cause of cancer?
Multiple genetic abnormalities
Internal factors : defect genetic/inherited
External factors :
X RAYS
Viral infections
Carcinogenic compounds : food, working
area, lifestyle
KARSINOGENESIS
Merupakan proses perubahan menjadi kanker
Melalui tahapan multi step karsinogenesis
1. TAHAP INISIASI
2. TAHAP PROMOSI
Abnormal Activity
Mutated OR Inactivated
PTEN
PIPII PIPIII
PI-3
AKT
BCL-2
4. Induce apoptosis:
P53 release will increase Bax
form holes in the mitochondria
release cytochrom c
activate apoptosis
number of
cancer cells
Tumor Growth
10 12
10 9 diagnostic
threshold
(1cm)
time
undetectable detectable
cancer cancer
limit of host
clinical death
detection
Gompertzian Growth
• Growth rates are exponential at early stages of
development and slower at later stages of development.
Limitless replicative
potential
Targeted Therapy: The Future
Modern biology has identified a host of new
potential targets for cancer therapy
Drugs interacting with these targets are available.
The benefit of these agents is dependant upon the
criticality of the target. More than one target may
need to be inhibited.
New agents may “tip the balance” when combined
with chemotherapy, radiation.
Molecular target in cancer therapy
Anti tyrosine kinase: Gleevec, Iressa
Anti VEGF
EGFR inhibitor etc