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PROTOCOLS,
PROCEDURES
AND SAMPLE
HANDLING
COVERAGE
• Effluent Quality Monitoring Plan
• Quality Assurance and Quality
Control
• Sampling Techniques
• Standard Sampling Procedure and
Protocol
• Sample Handling
• Data Assessment and Validation
EFFLUENT
QUALITY
MONITORING
PLAN
EFFLUENT QUALITY MONITORING PLAN
Component of Monitoring Plan
• Objectives
• Background Information
• Monitoring Stations
• Effluent Quality Parameters for
Measurements
• Frequency of Monitoring
• Water Quality Sampling and Test Method
• Quality Assurance and Quality Control
Procedures
PREPARATION OF EFFLUENT
MONITORING PLAN
• Objectives of monitoring
• Locations, type of industry and type of
WTP
• Number and location of discharge
outlet and permit conditions
• number of samples and parameters to
be analyzed
• In-situ analysis
• Sample preservation and holding time
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
AND QUALITY
CONTROL
QUALITY ASSURANCE AND
QUALITY CONTROL
• Representative
• Reproducible
• Defensible
• Useful
Quality Assurance and Quality Control
Sources of Error
• Measurement Error
• Method Detection Limit
• Sample Handling Error
Quality Assurance and Quality Control
• Equipment blank
• Field blank
• Trip blank (VOC)
• Field Duplicates
• Split samples
• Blind samples
Quality Assurance and Quality Control
Prevention of Sample
from Contamination
• Field Measurement should always be
made on site
• Sample Container must be cleaned
according to the recommended
method
• Samples must be submitted to the
laboratory as soon as possible.
Quality Assurance and Quality Control
Prevention of Sample
from Contamination
• Preservatives should be freshly
prepared and dispensed using
clean glassware
• Recommended preservation
methods must be followed
Quality Assurance and Quality Control
Personnel Qualification
and Training
• Effluent monitoring activities should
always be undertaken under the direction
and supervision of persons in authority
who have the right educational
background, experience and qualification
in effluent monitoring
• Representative
• Downstream of all treatment
processes
• Flow rate of the effluent can
be measured and estimated
• Accessible
FREQUENCY OF SAMPLING
• Monthly
• Quarterly
• As needed
Effluent Quality Sampling
and Test Methods
Sampling Methods
• Grab Sampling
• Composite Sampling
SAMPLING METHODS
Grab Sampling
Manual
Technique used for collecting grab samples
for immediate on-site field analysis
Grab Sampling
Samples can be
obtained at
distances as far as
3 m from the edge
of the source
SAMPLING METHODS
Composite Sample
Composite Sampling
• Manual composite sample consist of
grab samples typically taken at
equally spaced time intervals and
combined or mixed when all sub-
samples have been collected.
• Automated composite samples can be
taken either proportional to the
wastewater stream flow or on an
equal volume/equal time method
SAMPLING PROCEDURES
1. Put on protective gloves
hard bound
not be discarded
provided with page number
• Coordination
Institutional recognition for travel
arrangements, sampling
arrangements (e.g. boat hire) and
transport of samples (if requiring
transport by air or sea);
Remarks:____________________________________________________________________________
First-aid kit
Rubber gloves, or disposable vinyl
gloves, boots, etc
Material safety data sheets (MSDS)
Upstream
Plant
Influent
WTF
Effluent
Downstream
Effluent Sampling in Typical
Treatment Facilities
• Biological Treatment
Effluent is normally taken from
the discharge of the last treatment
unit
• Ponds/Lagoon
Effluent samples can be taken from
the outfall right after the weir or
from its discharge outfall
Effluent Sampling in Typical
Treatment Facilities
• Chemical Treatment
Sample is collected from the
discharge of the last
sedimentation tank
• Septic Tank
Collect sample at the effluent
filter at the last chamber
Effluent Sampling in Typical
Treatment Facilities
• Chlorinated Effluents
MINERAL ORE PROCESSING Suspended Solids, Heavy Metals (Hg, CN, Cd,
(MINING INDUSTRY) etc.), Arsenic
PETROLEUM REFINING BOD5, Heavy Metals, COD, Oil (total), pH,
INDUSTRY Phenols, SS, temperature, TDS
PULP AND INDUSTRY BOD5, COD, pH, TSS, E. Coli, Color, Heavy
Metals, DS, Oil-Grease, Phenols
SUGAR CANE PROCESSING BOD5, pH, SS, Oil-Grease
INDUSTRY