Estimation and

number theory
 DEFINITION OF FACTOR

FACTOR – A number that is multiplied

by another number to give a product

7 x 8 = 56

FACTORS
 = 2 x 18
= 2 x (2x9)
36
= 2 x 2 x (3 x 3)
=4x9
2 18 FACTORS OF 36
=6x6

1 2 3
2 9

4 6
3 3
9 18 36
= 3 x 15 45
= 3 x (3x5)
=9x5 3 15

FACTORS OF 45 3 5

1 3 5

9 15 45
PRIME AND COMPOSITE NUMBERS
 A Prime Number is one which has only two factors – 1
and itself.
 It
can be divided exactly only by 1 or itself. And it
must be a whole number greater than 1.
 Composite number is one which has more than two
factors in addition to one and itself
 Number 0 and 1 are neither prime nor composite
 All
even numbers are divisible by two and so all even
numbers will be composite numbers except two.
 DEFINITIONS

HIGHEST COMMON FACTOR (HCF)–

Greatest factor that two numbers share

LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE (LCM)– The

smallest number that is a multiple
of two numbers
 54 63 1, 3,
7, 9,
27 3 21 21, 63
2
= 3 x 21
=3x3x7
3 7 =9X7
3 9

HCF : 3 X 3 = 9 LCM & HCF

OF 54 AND 63
3 3
1, 2, 3, LCM : 2 X 3 X 3 X 3 X
6, 9, = 2 x 27 2 3 7 = 378
= 2 x (3x9) = 18
3 7
18,27, X3 3
=2x3x3x3
54 =6X9
 3 54 63
HCF : 3 X 3 = 9 3 18 21
6 7

LCM : 3 X 3 X 6 X 7 = 378
MULTIPLES
54 108 162 216 270 324 378
63 126 189 252 315 378
THANK YOU