BIPOLAR DISORDER MANIC EPISODE

DI NDA SASKI A CHAI RUNI SA

201610330311047
 DEFINITION
• Bipolar disorder also known as manic depressive illness, is a
brain disorder that cause unusual shift in mood, energy,
activity level and ability to carry out day to day task.
• Bipolar mania : Manic or hypomanic episodes are states of
elevated mood and increased motor drive that are finite in time
and differ in severity and length.
ETIOLOGY AND PATOPHYSIOLOGY
• Genetic factors
• Neurochemical factors
• Enviromental factors
• Genetic factors
If one parent has bipolar disorder 10% chance that his/her
child will develop the illness
If both parents have bipolar disorder 40% chance that their
child will develop the illness
A person who has a non-identical twin with the illness 25%
chance of illness
A person who has an identical twin (having exactly the same
genetic material) with bipolar disorder 8x greater risk than
nonidentical twins.
• Neurochemical factors
Biochemical imbalance in the brain that makes a person
vulnerable to experiencing mood episodes.
Bipolar disorder is related to abnormal serotonin
chemistry in the brain strongly affects the person mood.
Neuroanatomical and neuroimaging studies Lesions in
frontal and temporal lobes are most frequently associated with
bipolar disorder. Left-sided lessions : depression ; right sided
lessions : mania
• Enviromental factors
A life event may trigger a mood episode in a person with
genetic disposition for bipolar disorders.
Even without clear genetic factors, altered health habits,
alcohol or drug abuse or hormonal problems can trigger episode
Substance abuse is not considered a cause of bipolar disorder
it can worsen the illness
 SYMPTOMS
• Increased of energy level, activity, and restlessness
• Excessive high-euphoric mood
• Extreme irritability
• Talking very fast
• Distractibility, can’t concentrate wel
• Unrealistic beliefs
• Poor judgement
• Increased sexual drive
 TREATMENT
• Medication
1. Mood stabilizers : valproate or carbamazepine
decrease hyperactivity. Valproate cause hormonal changes in
teenage girlscarefully monitored
2. Atypical antipsycotic : clozapine, olanzapine,
risperidone, ziprasidone- controlling manic or mixed episode
• Antimania : combination between mood stabilizer and
antipsycotic
• Psychotherapy
It can provide support, guidance, and education to people.
1. Cognitive behavioral therapy Learn to change
harmful or negative thought pattern and behaviours
 PROGNOSIS
• Manic predominant polarity, drug misuse is common and
patients usually present at a young age with a manic episode
and have bipolar I disorder.
• Bipolar disorder has been associated with subtle but
substantial neurocognitive deficits across all mood states
Poor performance in executive functions and verbal memory