01

02
1. WHAT IS A SLAB?
SLAB 03
2. TWO TYPES OF SLAB
04 - ONE WAY SLAB
- TWO WAY SLAB
05
 01 WHAT IS A SLAB?
Slabs are constructed to provide flat surfaces, usually
WHAT
02 horizontal, in building floors, roofs, bridges and other types
of structures. The slab may be supported by walls, by

IS A 03 reinforced concrete beams usually cast monolithically

SLAB

with the slab, by structural steel beams, by columns, or by

the ground.
04

05
 01

2 TYPES 02
ONE WAY SLAB
OF 03 &
SLAB TWO WAY SLAB
04

05
 01 ONE WAY SLAB
One way slab is a slab which is supported by beams on the
02 two opposite sides to carry the load along one direction.
ONE

WAY 03
SLAB

04

05
 MAXIMUM SPACING FOR
01 REINFORCMENT
According to Section 407.7.5, the flexural reinforcement
02 shall not be spaced farther apart than 3 times the slab
ONE
thickness, nor 450 mm.

WAY 03
SLAB

04

05
 MINIMUM THICKNESS OF
01 FLEXURAL MEMBERS
02
ONE

WAY 03
SLAB

04

05
 MINIMUM THICKNESS OF
01 FLEXURAL MEMBERS
Span length L is in millimeters . Values given shall be used
02 directly for members with normal density concrete
ONE
(𝒘𝒄 = 2300 kg/ 𝒎𝟑 ) and grade 415 reinforcement. For

WAY 03 other conditions, the values shall be

SLAB
modified as follows:
(a) For structural lightweight concrete having unit
04 weights in the range 1500-2000. kg/𝒎𝟑 the values
shall be multiplied by (1.65-0.0005 𝒘𝒄 ,) but not less
than 1.09, where 𝒘𝒄 is the unit mass in kg/ 𝒎𝟑 .
05
(b) For 𝒇𝒚 other than 415 MPa, the values shall be
multiplied by (0.4 + 𝒇𝒚 /700) .
 SHRINKAGE AND TEMPERATURE
01 REINFORCEMENT, ρ𝒕
Concrete shrinks as it hardens. In addition, temperature
02 changes occur that causes expansion and contraction of
ONE
concrete. In this effect, the code (5.7.12) requires that

WAY 03 one-way slabs, where flexural reinforcement extends in

SLAB
one direction only, should be reinforced for shrinkage and
temperature ·stresses perpendicular to flexural
04 reinforcement. According to Section 5.7.12.2.1, the area of
shrinkage reinforcement shall provide at least the
following ratios of gross concrete area bh, (where h is the
05 slab thickness) but not less than 0.0014.
 SHRINKAGE AND TEMPERATURE
01 REINFORCEMENT, ρ𝒕
(a) Where Grade 275 deformed bars are used:
02
ONE
0.0020

WAY 03
SLAB
(b) Where Grade 415 deformed bars or welded wire
fabric (plain or deformed) are used:
04
0.0018
05 (c) Where reinforcement with 𝒇𝒚 > 415 MPa measured at
yield strain of 0.35% are used:

𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖 𝒙 𝟒𝟎𝟎
𝒇𝒚
 ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEMS
01
1.) Design a one-way slab having a simple span of 3 m. The
02 slab is to carry a uniform live load of 7,150 Pa. Assume
ONE
𝒇𝒄 = 27.6 MPA and 𝒇𝒚 = · 276 MPa for main and

WAY 03 temperature bars .

SLAB

2.) The figure shows a one way slab having a total depth of
04 200 mm with 25 mm clear covering at the bottom. The
steel reinforcement is 20 mm diameter. Spacing of steel
05 reinforcement is 125 mm on centers. 𝒇𝒄 = 30 Mpa, 𝒇𝒚 =
400 Mpa. Considering 1 m. width of slab
 STEPS IN THE DESIGN OF ONE-
01 WAY SLABS
I. Identify the uniform floor pressure (Pa) to be carried by
02 the slab. This load may consist of:
ONE
1) Live load pressure, LL (Pa)

WAY 03 2) Dead load pressure, DL (Pa)

SLAB
3) Ceiling load and other attachments (below the slab), DL
(Pa)
04 II. Determine the minimum slab thickness Jz from Table 2.1.
If necessary
adjust this value depending on your judgment.
05 III. Compute the weight of slab.
Weight= Yconc x h, DL (Pa)
 STEPS IN THE DESIGN OF ONE-
01 WAY SLABS
IV. Calculate the factored moment (M,) to be carried by the
02 slab. Factored floor pressure= 1.4DL + 1.7 LL
ONE
Uniform load, Wu = Factored pressure x 1 m

WAY 03
SLAB
V. Compute the effective depth, d:
d = h - covering (usually 20 mm) - 1f2 (main bar diameter)
04

05
 STEPS IN THE DESIGN OF ONE-
01 WAY SLABS
VI. Compute the required p:
02
ONE
Solve for 𝑹𝟏𝟏 from 𝑴𝒖 = ∅ 𝑹𝒖 b 𝒅𝟐 where b = 1000 mm

WAY 03 ρ=𝒙 =
𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇𝒄
𝟏 − 𝟏 −
𝟐𝑹𝒖
SLAB
𝒇𝒚 𝟎.𝟖𝟓𝒇𝒄
Solve for ρ max and ρ min
04 If ρ is less than ρ𝒎𝒂𝒙 and greater than ρ𝒎𝒊𝒏 , use ρ
If ρ is greater than ρ𝒎𝒂𝒙 , increase the depth of slab to
ensure ductile failure
05 If ρ is less than ρ𝒎𝒊𝒏 , use ρ = ρ𝒎𝒊𝒏
 STEPS IN THE DESIGN OF ONE-
01 WAY SLABS
VI. Compute the required p:
02
ONE
Solve for 𝑹𝟏𝟏 from 𝑴𝒖 = ∅ 𝑹𝒖 b 𝒅𝟐 where b = 1000 mm
𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇𝒄 𝟐𝑹𝒖
ρ=𝒙 = 𝟏 − 𝟏 −
WAY 03 𝒇𝒚 𝟎.𝟖𝟓𝒇𝒄
SLAB
VII. Compute the required main bar spacing:
As = p b d = p(1000)d
04 𝑨
𝒇𝒚 = 𝒃𝒂𝒓 x 1000
𝑨𝟓
Use the smallest of the following for the main bar spacing:
05 a) 𝑺𝟏 b) 3 x h c) 450mm
VIII. Temperature bars: See Page 74 for the required steel
ratio, p,
𝑨𝒔𝒕 = ρ𝒕 𝐛 𝐡
𝑨
𝑺𝟐 = 𝒃𝒂𝒓 x1000
𝑨𝒔
 STEPS IN THE DESIGN OF ONE-
01 WAY SLABS
Use the smallest of the following for temperature bar
02 spacing:
ONE
a) 𝑺𝟐 b) 5 x h c) 450mm

WAY 03
SLAB

04

05
 01 TWO WAY SLAB
Two way slab is a slab supported by beams on all the four
02
TWO sides and the loads are carried by the supports along both
direction, it is known as two way slab.
WAY 03
SLAB
04

05
 01

02

END 03 THANK YOU!

04

05
 01

02
1. WHAT IS A SLAB?
SLAB 03
2. TWO TYPES OF SLAB
04 - ONE WAY SLAB
- TWO WAY SLAB
05