ME161-1P

POWER PLANT
ENGINEERING

WEEK 4
2018-2019/4T

Prepared by:
Engr. Manuel B. Rustria
June 2019
 Calculate the performance parameters of steam power plant systems
including geothermal and binary plants.
Geothermal Power Plant – the facility in
which the electrical energy is produced
from hot spring, steam vent or geyser

Geothermal Energy – heat energy

naturally occurring with the earth. It
comes from two words “geo” meaning
earth and “thermal” meaning concerning
heat.
Magma is a molten
metal within the earth
which is basically
nickel-iron in
composition whose
stored energy heats the
surrounding water
thereby producing
steam or hot water. Its
temperature reaches as
high as 1200oC.
Well-bore product the effluent coming out from the geothermal
well produced after drilling. This can be purely steam or hot
water, or a mixture of both.
 Steam-dominated geothermal field refers to a geothermal
plant with its well producing all steam as the well-bore
product.
 Liquid-dominated geothermal field refers to a geothermal
plant in which the well-bore product is practically all hot water
(pressurized).
Fumarole is a crack in the earth through which geothermal
substance passes.
 STEAM
ms generator output
3

FLASH TANK turbine generator

4 H20 (in)

condenser
6
H20 (out)
5
to reinjection wells
to reinjection wells

TS DIAGRAM OF THE PLANT

PRODUCTION WELL
1
1 2
6 3

5 4

S
 generator output

1. Dry or Superheated
Geothermal Plant H20 (in)

The geothermal source is turbine

H20 (out)
vapor dominated where to reinjection wells

steam directly runs the Dry or

superheated
turbine. steam

To re-injection wells
 Separator

2. Separated Steam or “Single Flashed Geothermal Plant

The geothermal source H20 (in)

is hot water dominated To reinjection wells

H20 (out)
which employs the use Mixture To reinjection
of steam separator that wells

re-injects hot water

of the steam
To re-injection wells
that goes to
the turbine.
To re-injection
wells
 Separator

3. Separated Steam/Hot-Water-Flash or “Double Flash”

HP LP

Geothermal Plant H20 (in)

A flasher is employed and Flasher

H (out)
located at the hot water Mixture
To reinjection wells 20

To reinjection
end of the steam separator wells

whose purpose is to
further extract the To re-injection wells
steam which were To re-injection
wells
not extracted in the
separator and such steam is then directed to the turbine’s low
pressure side.
4. Single Flashed Plant with Pumped WellsFlasher
This employs down-hole H20 (in)

pump in production
H20 (out)
wells for better To re-injection wells

Down-hole
steam recovery Pump in production well
5. Binary Geothermal Plant Heat
exchanger

This uses two working fluids, H20 (in)

one is the steam from the

To re-injection H20 (out)
production well, the other is wells

Hot water Working fluid

feedwater where the heat
exchanger serves the
function of the boiler.
1. Mass flow rate of steam, ms
𝒎𝒔 = 𝒙 𝒎𝒈
where:
𝑚𝑔 = mass of ground water
𝑥 = quality after throttling (Process ① → ②)
Solving for 𝑥:
𝒉𝟏 = 𝒉𝟐 = 𝒉𝒇𝟐 + 𝒙𝒉𝒇𝒈𝟐
2. Turbine Output
𝑾𝒕 = 𝒎𝒔 𝒉𝟑 − 𝒉𝟒 𝒆𝒕
where:
𝑒𝑡 = turbine efficiency
3. Generator Output
𝑾𝒈𝒆𝒏 = 𝑻𝒖𝒓𝒃𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑶𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 × 𝑮𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑬𝒇𝒇.
𝑾𝒈𝒆𝒏 = 𝒎𝒔 𝒉𝟑 − 𝒉𝟒 𝑪𝒕 𝑪𝒈𝒆𝒏
4. Heat Rejected in the Condenser
𝑸𝑹 = 𝒎𝒔 𝒉𝟒 − 𝒉𝟓
5. Generator Output
𝑻𝒖𝒓𝒃𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑶𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕
𝒆𝒕 =
𝒎𝒈𝒉𝟏

𝒎𝒔 𝒉𝟑 −𝒉𝟒 𝒆𝒕
𝒆𝑪 =
𝒎𝒈𝒉𝟏
1. Hydrothermal Fluids - basically
made up of hot water, steam and
minerals. It is the only form of
energy currently being tapped for
significant commercial heat and
electric energy supply.

2. Geopressurized brines – represent a special subset of

hydrothermal fluids typically found at depths exceeding 3 km
and characterized as hot water existing at pressures above the
normal hydrostatic gradient and containing dissolved methane.
3. Hot dry rock – is a water free, impermeable rock at high
temperature and practically drilling depth to extract energy, high
pressure water maybe injected through one or more wells to
create new or to enhance existing natural fracture system with
limited access to ground water
flow.
4. Magma – is characterized by
or partially molten rock with
temperatures reaching as high
as 1200oC.
1. Tiwi Geothermal Power Plant – 330 MW (Albay)
2. Makiling – Banahaw (Mak-Ban) Geothermal Plant – 330 MW
(Los Banos, Laguna)
3. Tongonan Geothermal Power Plant – 112.5 MW (Leyte)
4. Palimpinon Dauin Geothermal Power Plant – 112.5 MW (Negros
Oriental)
1. MW (Negros Oriental)
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1. MW (Negros Oriental)
Textbook
 Nag, P. K. Power Plant Engineering. 3rd ed. New Delhi, Tata McGraw-
Hill, 2008.

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