Respiratory System

 Is a series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling

carbon dioxide.
The Major Role of the Respiratory
System

1. To transport air into and out of the lungs.

2. To diffuse oxygen into the bloodstream.
3. To pick up carbon dioxide as waste product from the blood and exhale it.
 Parts Functions
1. Nose • Serves as passageway for air
• Filters and moistens the air
• Serves as a sense organ for smelling

2. Pharynx • Serves as a common entry for air into the respiratory tract
and for food into the digestive tract
• Where the tonsils are located
3. Larynx • Soft bone structure located below the pharynx
• Consisted of thyroid cartilage or Adam’s apple or vocal
cords which produce sound
• Serves as passageway for air

4. Trachea • Cartilage tube extending from the larynx to the bronchi

• About to 11-12 centimeters long
5. Lungs • Cone-shaped organ
• Serves in the exchange of gases between blood and air
Parts of the Human Respiratory System
And the process of Respiration

The respiratory system is made up of the following major parts: nostrils,nasal

cavity or nose, pharynx,larynx or voice box, trachea or wind pipe,bronchial
tubes, and the lungs.
When you breathe, the air from the atmosphere enters through the nostrils
(the two opening of the nose) and passes through the nasal cavity. Within the two
narrow channel in the nose called nasal cavities,the air is warmed and
moistened by the mucous membrane.The air is also filtered by the hair along its
inner walls. From the nasal cavities, the air now passes through the pharynx
(throat), which is the entrance to both the respiratory and digestive tracts. The
air moves down the larynx or voice box.The larynx is composed of small pieces
of cartilage known as Adam’s apple or thyroid cartilage. Part of this cartilage is
the epiglottis,a flap-like structure that helps prevent the food from going down
the wrong tube.
 The larynx is made up of two vocal cords. The cords are the thickened folds
of the larynx walls that contains elastic fibers. The vocal cords vibrate to
produce the sound of speech. When a person breathes, the space between the
vocal cords remains open. This opening is called the glottis.
From the larynx, the air moves down to the trachea or wind pipe. The
trachea divided into two branches or bronchi the left and the right bronchial
tube. The bronchial tube lead to the lungs. The bronchial tube are subdivided
inside the lungs into smaller branches called bronchioles. These bronchioles end
in smaller or tiny sacs called alveoli. The alveoli, which surrounded by
capillaries, serve as sites for gas exchange.
The Major Structures of the Respiratory
System and their Functions

Two Phases of Respiration

1. External Respiration is the exchange of gases between blood and air.
2. Internal Respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood and the body
tissue.

The lungs are the primary organs involved in respiration or breathing. Respiration
consists of two phases. Inhalation or breathing in and Exhalation or breathing out.
When you inhale, your rib muscles contract. As this happens, the diaphragm
flattens and the chest cavity enlarged. The air moves through the nose down the
trachea and into the lungs. When you exhale, your diaphragm relaxes. The rib cage
and the diaphragm return to their original position. The chest cavity size decreases
and the air inside the lungs is squeezed out.
The Respiratory and Circulatory Systems

The Respiratory and Circulatory Systems work together to provide the cells
of the body with oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide. The respiratory system
channels oxygen from the exteebal environment into the air sacs of the lungs
where it diffuses into the bloodstream.
The Circulatory Systems the transports and distributes the blood with oxygen
(oxygenated blood) to the different organs of the body. When the cell of the
body metabolize substances such as nutrients and minerals, carbon dioxide and
water are produced. The carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood and is
transported to the lungs, where it diffuses into the alveoli and is expelled.
The Alveoli and Gas Exchange

The diffusion of gases into the circulatory

system occurs through the walls of capillaries
that surround the alveoli. Organism need
oxygen to carry out cellular respiration and
obtain energy from the food they eat. A waste
produxt of cellular respiration is carbon
dioxide which is eliminated from the body
through gas exchange in the alveoli of higher
forms of animals. When you inhale, the
oxygen you breathe in moves from the alveoli
to the capillaries and into the bloodstream. In
return, carbon dioxide moves from the
bloodstream to the capillaries and into the
alveoli. Carbon dioxide us removed from the
lungs when you exhale.
 Characteristics of Alveoli

1. Consist of tiny exchange blood vessels called capillaries.

2. Provide the lungs with a big surface area for gas exchange.
3. Have moist and thin walls.
4. Are supported with capillaries through which oxygen diffuses into the
bloodstream.
 Type of Breathing

The process of taking air into the lungs and releasing carbon dioxide is called
breathing. There are several breathing conditions that occur in human body.

1. Hyperpnea refers to the unusual increase in the rate and depth of

respiration.
2. Apnea refers to the temporary cessation of breathing.
3. Tachypnea refers to the rapid and shallow breathing due to lung disease or
other medical causes.
4. Orthopnea is a condition in which a person loses the ability to breathe easily
in horizontal position.
5. Eupnea is a normal or unlabored ventilation. It is also known as quiet
breathing or resting heart rate.