School-Related

Gender Based Violence

Discussant: Reynaldo Castillo
EPS, CLMD
How well do you know Gender?

• Group 1: Sex vs Gender

• Group 2: Equality vs. Equity
• Group 3: Reproductive vs. Productive
• Group 4: Gender Stereotypes
• Group 5: Patriarchy

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Some examples of sex characteristics:
 Women menstruate while men do not
 Men have testicles while women do not
 Women have developed breasts that are usually capable
of lactating, while men do not
 Women can give birth to babies, while men cannot

Some examples of gender characteristics:

 Women are expected to take care of family or domestic
duties and remain close to home
 All men are expected to work and earn money for the
family
 Boys are better in mathematics than girls
 Boys never cry
 Girls are very emotional w Women usually do more
housework than men

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Gender Equality and Gender Equity:

Provision of equal conditions,

Process of being fair to men and
treatment, and opportunity for both men
and women to realize their full potential, women. To ensure fairness, measures
human rights, and dignity, as well as must often be put in place to compensate
opportunities to contribute to and benefit for the disadvantages that prevent women
from economic, social, cultural, and and men from operating on an even
political development (UNGEI, 2012: 3). playing field (UNESCO, 2009: 23).
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Gender Division of Labor (Reproductive vs. Productive)
Reproductive role  Childbearing/rearing
responsibilities, and
domestic tasks done by
women, required to
guarantee the
maintenance and
reproduction of the
labor force.
 It includes not only
biological reproduction
but also the care and
maintenance of the
work force (male
partner and working
children) and the future
work force (infants and
school-going children).
Productive role  Work done by both men
and women for pay in cash
or kind.
 It includes both market
production with an
exchange-value, and
subsistence/home
production with actual use-
value, and also potential
exchange-value.
 For women in agricultural
production, this includes
work as independent
farmers, peasant wives
and wage workers.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Gender Stereotypes

 beliefs held about characteristics,

traits, and activity domains that are
“deemed” appropriate for men and
women.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Four Basic Examples of Gender Stereotypes
Personality Traits:
Women are supposed to be shy, passive and submissive. Women
are organized and clean. Men are expected to be tough,
aggressive, dominant and self-confident. Men are lazy and messy.

Domestic Behaviors:
Women are supposed to cook and do housework. Women are
better at raising children. Stay-at-home mothers are better than
working mothers. On the other hand: Men are better at household
repairs. Men cannot cook, sew or care for their children. Men
always tell their wives what to do.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Four Basic Examples of Gender Stereotypes
Occupations:
Women are supposed to have “clean” jobs such as teachers, nurses, secretaries and librarians.
Women are not good at math. Women are supposed to make less money than men. Women
are not politicians. Women cannot be presidential candidates. On the other hand: Men are
supposed to have “dirty jobs” like mechanics, construction workers, plumbers and engineering.
Men are all good at math. Men are better doctors. Men are supposed to be in charge at work
and should make more money than women. Men are better politicians.
Physical Appearance:
Generally speaking, women are expected to be short and slender, small and delicate while
men are supposed to be tall with broad shoulders. However, physical appearance gender
stereotyping varies from culture to culture. In cultures where men are small in size, masculinity is
determined by acting macho. Acting macho for men would mean getting involved in fights,
drinking alcohol, smoking unfiltered cigarettes and getting into fights. Female gender
stereotype occurs for women who act “macho” in some cultures. Women who smoke, drink,
and swear often are considered “masculine”.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Patriarchy
 The word “Patriarch” literally means
the rule of the father or the patriarch
and was originally used to describe
a specific type of male dominated
family. It is used to define male
domination in our society, to the
power relationships by which men
dominate women and to
characterize the system where
women are kept in a subordinate
position in various ways

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION