Institute of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering

University of the Philippines Diliman

Analysis on Metro Manila MRT-3’s

Passenger’s Volume during Peak Hours

Agustin, Vincent John

Camacho, Sophia Mariya Kysha
Lamsen, Valerie
Legaspi, John Harold
Introduction

The Manila Metro Rail Transit Line 3 or simply known as the MRT-3, is
one of the means of transport in Metro Manila. However, it have been
put into a test as the number of passengers riding the MRT-3 continued
to increase. Factors such as time and station affects the passenger’s
volume. (Palanca, 2015)
Objectives

• Calculate the mean number of passengers riding and alighting the

MRT-3 during the morning and evening peak hours

• Determine the mean entry and exit rate of each stations during the
entire year

• Calculate the mean entry and exit of the entire MRT-3 line per unit
time
Objectives

• Establish the net situation of every station during the morning and
evening peak hours

• Determine the probability of a passenger to enter and/or exit a

specific station

• Establish a passenger’s possible entry and exit station during the peak
hours
Significance of the Study

The study aims to help the following:

• The MRT-3 Management

• The Commuters

• Future Researchers
Scopes and Limitations

• Data used were provided by Department of Transportation (DOTr)

• The study focus on the total annual entry and exit of passengers for
year 2018 only excluding the month of February

• The time interval considered to be peak hours were 6:00 - 10:00 AM

and 4:00 - 8:00 PM every day.
Assumptions

• the total number of entries and exits in the different stations of the
MRT-3 line accounts for both northbound and southbound lines

• the distribution of the number of passengers in a station and throughout

the line is normal

• the probability of entering at a station and exiting at another station is

statistically independent
Methods and Procedures

Data Collection

The researchers asked the Department of Transportation (DOTR) for the data
on the total annual number of entry and exit of passengers for the year 2018
via email.
Methods and Procedures

Statistical Analysis
• To calculate the the mean number of passengers riding and alighting the
MRT-3 during the morning and evening peak hours:

1 𝑘
Mean number of passengers= σ𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 (1)
4

Where 𝒙𝒊 = number of entries or exits at a specific station

Methods and Procedures

Statistical Analysis
• To calculate the mean entry and exit of the entire MRT-3 line per unit time:

𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑦
Mean entry rate = (2)
(337 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠)(1440 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠)

𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡
Mean exit rate = (3)
(337 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠)(1440 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠)
Methods and Procedures

Statistical Analysis
• To calculate the mean entry and exit of the entire MRT-3 line per unit time:

𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑀𝑅𝑇 3 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒

Total mean rate = (337 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠)(1440 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠)
(4)
Methods and Procedures

Statistical Analysis

• Computation for the net situation of every station during the morning and
evening peak hours

Net situation = mean entry rate – mean exit rate (5)

Methods and Procedures

Statistical Analysis

• To determine the probability of a passenger to enter and/or exit a specific

station

(6)
where
P(A) = probability of passenger entry at a specific station
P(B)= probability of passenger exit at another station
Results Table 1. Mean Number of Entry and Exit per Station during Morning Peak Hours

Station Entry Exit Station Entry Exit

North Avenue 1,502,727 305,769 Boni Avenue 326,045 362,763

Quezon Avenue 484,254 335,120

Guadalupe 455,962 409,733

GMA-Kamuning 220,710 149,574

Buendia 88,951 345,426

Araneta-Cubao 421,195 515,322

Ayala 245,808 682,798
Santolan-
86,823 214,806
Annapolis Magallanes 340,314 401,338
Ortigas 123,794 528,516
Taft Avenue 1,252,703 694,838
Shaw Boulevard 437,447 749,913
Results
Table 2. Mean Number of Entry and Exit per Station during Evening Peak Hours

Station Entry Exit Station Entry Exit

North Avenue 851,038 1,050,462 Boni Avenue 346,748 402,344

Quezon Avenue 472,452 504,074

Guadalupe 431,218 557,459
GMA-Kamuning 262,263 160,268
Buendia 241,380 120,606
Araneta-Cubao 694,571 1,131,509
Santolan- Ayala 730,612 454,379
165,018 82,587
Annapolis
Magallanes 655,554 230,568
Ortigas 373,209 304,836

Shaw Boulevard 646,203 628,309 Taft Avenue 1,209,906 1,302,130

Results
Figure 1. Mean Number of Entry and Exit per Minute (Morning)
3.50

3.00

2.50
Mean Rate per Minute

2.00

1.50
Mean Rate of Entry per Minute

1.00 Mean Rate of Exit per Minute

0.50

0.00

MRT-3 Station
Results
Figure 2. Mean Number of Entry and Exit per Minute (Evening)
3

2.5

2
Mean Rate per Minute

1.5

Mean Rate of Entry per Minute

1
Mean Rate of Exit per Minute

0.5

MRT-3 Station
Results Figure 3. Number of Entry and Exit of the entire
MRT-3 Line per Hour (Morning)
Table 3 16

Time Interval Entry Exit 14

12

06:00 - 06:59 11.206 8.363 10

07:00 - 07:59 13.266 12.349 6

08:00 - 08:59 12.863 13.373 2

0
06:00 - 06:59 07:00 - 07:59 08:00 - 08:59 09:00 - 09:59
09:00 - 09:59 12.011 12.864
Entry Exit
Results
Figure 4. Mean Number of Entry and Exit of the
Table 4 entire MRT-3 Line per Hour (Evening)
18

16
Time Interval Entry Exit
14

12
16:00 - 16:59 14.110 12.601
10

8
17:00 - 17:59 15.688 14.447
6

4
18:00 - 18:59 15.209 15.317
2

0
19:00 - 19:59 13.352 14.752 16:00 - 16:59 17:00 - 17:59 18:00 - 18:59 19:00 - 19:59
Entry Exit Column1
Results
Figure 5. Net situation on MRT-3 Stations during Morning Peak hours

1.15 Taft Avenue

-0.13 Magallanes

-0.90 Ayala

-0.53 Buendia

0.10 Guadalupe

-0.08 Boni

-0.64 Shaw

-0.83 Ortigas

-0.26 Santolan

-0.19 Cubao

0.15 Kamuning

0.31 Quezon Ave.

2.47 North Ave.

-1.50 -1.00 -0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00
Results
Figure 6. Net situation on MRT-3 Stations during Evening Peak hours

-0.19 Taft Avenue

0.88 Magallanes

0.57 Ayala

0.25 Buendia

-0.26 Guadalupe

-0.11 Boni

0.04 Shaw

0.14 Ortigas

0.17 Santolan

-0.90 Cubao

0.21 Kamuning

-0.07 Quezon Ave.

-0.41 North Ave.

-1.00 -0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00
Results
Table 5. Probability of Entry and Exit (Morning)
Station Entry Exit Station Entry Exit

North Avenue 25.10% 5.37% Boni Avenue 5.45% 6.37%

Quezon Avenue 8.09% 5.88%

Guadalupe 7.62% 7.19%
GMA-Kamuning 3.69% 2.63%
Buendia 1.49% 6.06%
Araneta-Cubao 7.04% 9.05%
Ayala 4.11% 11.99%
Santolan-
1.45% 3.77%
Annapolis
Magallanes 5.68% 7.05%
Ortigas 2.07% 9.28%

Shaw Boulevard 7.31% 13.17% Taft Avenue 20.92% 12.20%

Results
Table 6. Probability of Entry and Exit (Evening)
Station Entry Exit Station Entry Exit
North Avenue 12.020% 15.159% Boni Avenue 4.897% 5.806%
Quezon Avenue 6.673% 7.274%
Guadalupe 6.090% 8.045%
GMA-Kamuning 3.704% 2.313%
Buendia 3.409% 1.740%
Araneta-Cubao 9.810% 16.329%
Ayala 10.319% 6.557%
Santolan-
2.331% 1.192%
Annapolis
Magallanes 9.259% 3.327%
Ortigas 5.271% 4.399%

Shaw Boulevard 9.127% 9.067% Taft Avenue 17.089% 18.791%

Results EXIT
NOR QUE GMA CUB SAN ORT SHA BON GUA BUE AYA MAG TAF
NOR 1.48% 0.66% 2.27% 0.95% 2.33% 3.30% 1.60% 1.81% 1.52% 3.01% 1.77% 3.06%
QUE 0.43% 0.21% 0.73% 0.31% 0.75% 1.06% 0.52% 0.58% 0.49% 0.97% 0.57% 0.99%
GMA 0.20% 0.22% 0.33% 0.14% 0.34% 0.49% 0.23% 0.27% 0.22% 0.44% 0.26% 0.45%
CUB 0.38% 0.41% 0.18% 0.27% 0.65% 0.93% 0.45% 0.51% 0.43% 0.84% 0.50% 0.86%
SAN 0.08% 0.09% 0.04% 0.13% 0.13% 0.19% 0.09% 0.10% 0.09% 0.17% 0.10% 0.18%
ORT 0.11% 0.12% 0.05% 0.19% 0.08% 0.27% 0.13% 0.15% 0.13% 0.25% 0.15% 0.25%
ENTRY

SHA 0.39% 0.59% 0.19% 0.66% 0.28% 0.68% 0.47% 0.53% 0.44% 0.88% 0.51% 0.89%
BON 0.29% 0.32% 0.14% 0.49% 0.21% 0.51% 0.72% 0.39% 0.33% 0.65% 0.38% 0.66%
GUA 0.41% 0.45% 0.20% 0.69% 0.29% 0.71% 1.00% 0.49% 0.46% 0.91% 0.54% 0.93%
BUE 0.08% 0.09% 0.04% 0.13% 0.06% 0.14% 0.20% 0.09% 0.11% 0.18% 0.10% 0.18%
AYA 0.22% 0.24% 0.11% 0.37% 0.15% 0.38% 0.54% 0.26% 0.30% 0.25% 0.29% 0.50%
MAG 0.31% 0.33% 0.15% 0.51% 0.21% 0.53% 0.75% 0.36% 0.41% 0.34% 0.68% 0.69%
TAF 1.12% 1.23% 0.55% 1.89% 0.79% 1.94% 2.75% 1.33% 1.51% 1.27% 2.51% 1.47%
Results EXIT
NOR QUE GMA CUB SAN ORT SHA BON GUA BUE AYA MAG TAF
NOR 0.87% 0.28% 1.96% 0.14% 0.53% 1.09% 0.70% 0.97% 0.21% 0.79% 0.40% 2.26%
QUE 0.80% 0.15% 1.09% 0.08% 0.29% 0.61% 0.39% 0.54% 0.12% 0.44% 0.22% 1.25%
GMA 0.56% 0.27% 0.60% 0.04% 0.16% 0.34% 0.22% 0.30% 0.06% 0.24% 0.12% 0.70%
CUB 0.35% 0.71% 0.23% 0.12% 0.43% 0.89% 0.57% 0.79% 0.17% 0.64% 0.33% 1.84%
SAN 0.35% 0.17% 0.05% 0.38% 0.10% 0.21% 0.14% 0.19% 0.04% 0.15% 0.08% 0.44%
ORT 0.80% 0.38% 0.12% 0.86% 0.06% 0.48% 0.31% 0.42% 0.09% 0.35% 0.18% 0.99%
ENTRY

SHA 1.38% 0.66% 0.21% 1.49% 0.11% 0.40% 0.53% 0.73% 0.16% 0.60% 0.30% 1.72%
BON 0.74% 0.36% 0.11% 0.80% 0.06% 0.22% 0.44% 0.39% 0.09% 0.32% 0.16% 0.92%
GUA 0.92% 0.44% 0.14% 0.99% 0.07% 0.27% 0.55% 0.35% 0.11% 0.40% 0.20% 1.14%
BUE 0.52% 0.25% 0.08% 0.56% 0.04% 0.15% 0.31% 0.20% 0.27% 0.22% 0.11% 0.64%
AYA 1.56% 0.75% 0.24% 1.68% 0.12% 0.45% 0.94% 0.60% 0.83% 0.18% 0.34% 1.94%
MAG 1.40% 0.67% 0.21% 1.51% 0.11% 0.41% 0.84% 0.54% 0.74% 0.16% 0.61% 1.74%
TAF 2.59% 1.24% 0.40% 2.79% 0.20% 0.75% 1.55% 0.99% 1.37% 0.30% 1.12% 0.57%
Summary of Results/Conclusions

From the series of analyses of the 2018 DOTr MRT-3 passenger entries
and exits, it can be deduced that:
• The highest mean number of passenger entry recorded during morning
peak hours was found to be 1,502,727, which was at the North Avenue
station. Likewise, Taft Avenue recorded the highest mean exit of
passengers with 694, 838. During evening peak hours, Taft Avenue
station both recorded the highest mean entry and exit, with 1,209,906
and 1,302,130, respectively.
• During morning peak hours, North Avenue has the highest mean entry rate
while Taft Avenue recorded the highest mean exit rate. During evening peak
hours, Taft Avenue has recorded both the highest mean rate of entry and
exit.
Summary of Results/Conclusions

• In analyzing the morning net situation experienced by the thirteen stations,

North Avenue has recorded the highest net entry, while Ayala has the highest
net exit recorded. Meanwhile, during evening peak hours, Magallanes has
recorded the highest net entry, while Cubao has recorded the highest net exit
situation. From comparing the situations experienced by the thirteen stations
during morning and evening peak hours, their net situations reverse, except for
the case of Boni and GMA-Kamuning stations, which recorded both net exit and
net entry for both peak hours, respectively.
Summary of Results/Conclusions

• The probability distribution of passengers entry and exit stations shows the
probabilities of a passenger entering at a station and exiting at another station. It
can be seen that passengers ride and alight the MRT-3 line mostly on the
terminal stations (North and Taft Avenue), central station (Shaw Boulevard) and
several major business districts (Ayala), although the nature of these exit and
entry points is not included in the study conducted.
Recommendations

Due to the shortcomings of this study, the researchers were able to draw
several recommendations for the future studies:

• Related studies can be done to analyze the passengers' entry and exit
both in southbound and northbound line

• Since the study generally focused on everyday basis, future

researchers can be done and focus only on weekdays, where the
number of passengers could balloon higher than weekends.

• Future studies can also be done to assess why and what are the
factors affecting the passenger's exit and entry.
Sources

[2] Bayos, K. (2015, January 6). Gov’t sees 4% decline in passenger volume after LRT, MRT fare hike. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved from
http://www.mb.com.ph/govt-sees-4-decline-in-passenger-volume-after-lrtmrt-fare-hike/

[3] De Fiesta, R. (2014, February 27). Abaya: MRT-3 operating at overcapacity. ABS-CBNnews.com. Retrieved from -
http://www.abscbnnews.com/nation/metro-manila/02/26/14/abaya-mrt-3-operating-overcapacity

[4] Fernandez, A. (2014, March 26). MRT trains worn down as ridership exceeds capacity – Abaya. GMA News Online. Retrieved from
http://www.gmanetwork. com/news/story/354202/

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[5] Palanca, T. (2015, May 16). On the MRT: A capacity conundrum [Blog post]. Retrieved from
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