Fire Safety and Fire Protection Engineering

Philippine Society of Mechanical Engineers, Inc.
8th PSME MINDANAO REGIONAL CONFERENCE

Garden Orchid Convention Center
Zamboanga City
Fire Safety and Fire

Protection Engineering
ALEXANDER V LISTANA, PME PE REA REB CEM CFSP

Vice President and Head of Engineering, Power V Engineering
and Technical Services
National Treasurer
Deputy VP for Advance Training Center and CPD
PSME National
FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS
 Fire safety in buildings covers both the safety of
occupants, fire fighters, building and contents, together
with buildings in the vicinity.
 To achieve the life safety objective, it is necessary to

provide the building with adequate protected escape
route which lead to places of ultimate safety together with
appropriate and functioning automatic fire suppression
system.
The Tetrahedron of Fire
OXYGEN SOURCES HEAT SOURCES
Approximately 16% required. To reach ignition temperature, i.e.

Normal air contains 21% O2. • Open flames
Some fuel materials contain • Sparks and arcs
sufficient oxygen within their • Friction
• Chemical action
makeup to support burning.
CHEMICAL • Electrical energy
REACTION • Compression of gases
SOLID LIQUID GAS

Bulky - Dust Gasoline Kerosene Natural Gas Propane
Finely Divided Coal Turpentine Alcohol Butane Hydrogen
Wood Paper Liver Oil Paint Acetylene
Cloth Plastic Varnish Lacquer Carbon Monoxide
Grain Others Olive Oil Others
Keeping these three ingredients from coming together will stop the fire
Most fires are caused by people who fail to follow proper work
procedures, make mistakes and who uses poor judgment
• Electrical causes – 23%
 The leading cause of fire is electrical failure.
 It is preventable by proper design, installation and use.
• Smoking – 18%
 It is a matter of control and education.
 Smoking should be strictly prohibited on specified areas especially involving
flammable liquid and combustible materials
• Friction – 10%
 It happens due to poor maintenance of building equipment, misaligned or broken
machine part, jamming of materials and poor adjustment of equipment power
drives
 It can be prevented by routine and regular maintenance hence a Reserve Fund
is a must in managing your property.
• Overheat materials or equipment – 8%
 Abnormal process temperature, especially those involving heated flammable
liquids or materials.
• Burning Flames – 7%
 Improper use of portable torches, dryers, ovens, portable heating units.
 Can be prevented by adequate ventilation, combustion safeguards and ample
clearance
• Combustible Sparks – 5%
 Sparks and ambers released from fire boxes, various process equipment,
industrial trucks, heavy equipment, furnaces and incinerators.
 It can be prevented by proper enclosing of working area and provision of spark
arrestor.
BASIC FIRE SAFETY FEATURES OF A BUILDING
Passive Fire Protection Systems
1. Education and Training
2. Fire walls and Fire rated floors
3. Fire Proofing and Fire Stopping Materials
4. Insulated steel beams
5. Compartmentalization
6. Means of Egress and Fire Exits
7. Safe Work Permit System and Safety Awareness
8. Housekeeping, 5S
Active Fire Protection Systems
1. Automatic Fire Suppression System (Water, Gas, Chemical)
2. Fire Detection and Alarm System
3. Positive Pressurization
4. Automatic Smoke Control and Exhaust System
5. Standpipes and Fire Hose Cabinet
6. Fire Hydrants
7. Manual fire suppression systems (Portable Fire Extinguishers)
8. Back-up Power and Water Supply availability
Industrial Facilities Fire Leading Causes
SOURCE: NFPA RESEARCH, PUBLISHED MARCH 2018
Factors Contributing to Outside-source Fire in
Industrial Properties (Exposure Fire)
 Kentex, Valenzuela, May 13, 2015. A fire broke out when welding
sparks ignited chemicals being stored near the entrance of the
factory. Seventy-four (74) people were killed in the fire, making the
incident the third worst fire incident in Philippine history.
 South Pacific Inc, Phoenix Petroterminal and Industrial Park,

Calaca, Batangas, Feb. 20, 2016. An LPG storage tank exploded
which affected 7,000 MT of gas. 2 injured, no death. 1126
individuals were evacuated to diff. sites. State of Emergency in
Calaca was declared.
 House Technology Industries, General Trias, Cavite, Feb. 3, 2017.

No death, 126 were injured, affected 15,000 workers. HTI is a
manufacturer of pre-fabricated house parts for export. The fire
started when a machine malfunctioned and triggered small
explosions in a section with combustible materials.
 Yokohama Tire Phils., Clark Freeport Zone, May 14, 2017. No

casualty. Biggest Yokohama plant ouside Japan. The fire destroyed
newly made tires meant for export, loss is reported at US$50M.
Industrial Fire in Philippines

KENTEX Fire. On May 13, 2015. A fire broke out when welding sparks ignited chemicals being
stored near the entrance of the factory. The weld was being performed to repair the doors of one
of the main entrances to the building.
Unable to leave, trapped workers retreated to the second floor and attempted to escape.
Most of the victims were suffocated to death from the smoke. Many bodies were reduced to
skulls and bones. Seventy-three of the 74 bodies were found on the factory's second floor.
Fire at Land Management Bureau (Binondo)
Fire engulfed the entire building of LMB

in Binondo, Manila at 12:30 AM,
Monday, May 28, 2018
The LMB reported that the massive

blaze that raged the building caused
huge loss of land documents
Note: Fire caught the Land

Registration Authority building
in QC on July 22, 2011,
1:55pm
The LMB fire affected the National Archives Building nearby
Among the documents stored in the
National Archives office affected by the
blaze in Binondo: part of the 1798 report
recommending the division of Ilocos into
two provinces.
Imagine if the fire is not controlled - the

archives contained at least 60 million
documents and re-cords from the Spanish,
American, and Japa- nese occupations, the
oldest dating back to as early as the 16th
century.
The archive contains sources of knowledge

about early Philippines such as research
findings, laws, maps, and land grants.
Refrigerated
processed
meat – NJ,
USA
Retail store with storage in rear – SC, USA
Fire at KCC Mall Davao. December 23, 2017
• The emergency exit paths of mall were not smoke and heat-proof
• No connection between alarm system at SSI and mall’s
• No functioning sprinkler, control valves are in closed
Cebu Metro Ayala Mall Fire. January 5, 2018
Practice of Fire Protection
Engineering in the Philippines
RA 8495 – Philippine Mechanical Engineering

Law
Republic Act No. 8495
An Act Regulating the Practice of Mechanical Engineering in the Philippines
Section 3.b 0- Definition of Terms
Mechanical equipment or Materials handling

machinery - includes all Heat exchanger such as equipment,
prime movers such as cooling towers, kilns and such as pumps, cranes,
01 steam engines and 02 dryers coolers and 03 conveyors, hoists,
turbines, internal heaters elevators, escalators,
combustion engines and mechanized dumbwaiters,
gas engines and turbines; moving ramps and
steam generators walkways
Piping
system with a working Mechanical working
HVAC-R equipment and
machinery, including pressure of not less machines for metallic
compressors and than 70 kpa, fired and and non-metallic
centrifugal fans, unfired pressure materials and other
04 mechanical pollution
05 vessels 06 mechanical equipment
and machinery whether
abatement and installed on land,
environmental underground, or on
control system board watercraft.
Regulatory Requirement
RA 9514 “Repeals” PD 1185
 Law was authored by Senator Gringo Honasan and
Representative Darlene Magnolia Antonino-Custodio
 It was signed into law on December 19, 2008 by President
Gloria Macapagal Aroyo
 The Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) was published
October 17, 2009
 The Bureau of Fire Protection is the SOLE Law Enforcing
Agency of the Fire Code
 Violations of the Fire Code are CRIMINAL OFFENSE
RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

The Code shall cover…
All PERSONS
All PUBLIC AND PRIVATE
BUILDINGS
Design and installations
Manufacturing, waste handling and all
hazardous operations

The Code shall cover…
Fire safety Planning, design,
construction, repair
Fire Protective and warning system
Land and sea transportations, ports
and terminals
Petroleum industry installations

RULE 10
Fire Safety Measures

Assembly Type
Occupancy

Assembly…
Examples:
1. theaters; 9. classrooms of 50 16. cockpit arenas;
persons and over 17. bowling facilities;
2. assembly halls; capacity;
3. auditorium; 10. libraries; 18. pool rooms;
4. exhibition halls; 11. internet shops of 19. armories;
over 50 persons
5. museum; capacity; 20. passenger stations
6. restaurants; 12. dance halls; and terminals of air,
13. club rooms; surface, underground,
7. drinking and marine public
establishments; 14. skating rinks;
transportation
8. places of worship; 15. gymnasiums;
facilities;

Restaurants and drinking establishments with an
occupant load of less than 50 persons shall be classified
as mercantile occupancies.
 Occupancy of any room or space for assembly

purposes by less than fifty (50) persons in a building of
other occupancy and incidental to such other occupancy
shall be classified as part of the other occupancy and
subject to the provisions applicable thereto.

Educational
Occupancy
 Educational occupancies include all buildings or

portions thereof used for the gathering of group of
six (6) or more persons for purposes of instruction.

Educational…
Examples:
1.Schools;
2.Universities;
3.Colleges;
4.Academies;
5.Nursery schools;
6.Kindergartens; and
7.Child Day Care facilities.

Special provisions for
preschools…
Rooms used for preschoolers, first grade and
second grade pupils shall not be located
below or above the floor of exit discharge
Meaning? It should be at the Ground
Floor.

Healthcare
Occupancy
 Health care facilities are those used for purposes of

medical or other treatment or care of persons where such
occupants are mostly incapable of self preservation
because of age, physical or mental disability, or because
of security measures not under the occupants’ control.

Healthcare…
Examples:
1. Hospitals;
2. Nursing homes;
3. Birth centers; and
4. Residential custodial care centers
such as nurseries, homes for the
aged and the like.

Detention and Correctional
Occupancy
 Detention and correctional buildings are those used to

house one or more persons under varied degrees of
restraint or security where such occupants are mostly
incapable of self-preservation because of security
measures not under the occupants’ control.

Detention and Corectional
Examples:
1. correctional institutions,
2. detention facilities,
3. community residential centers,
4. training schools,
5. work camps, and
6. substance abuse centers where occupants are
confined or housed under some degree of restraint or
security.

Residential
Occupancy
Residential occupancies are those occupancies in which

sleeping accommodations are provided for normal
residential purposes and include all buildings designed to
provide sleeping accommodations.

Residential…
Examples:
1. Hotels
2. Motels
3. Apartelles
4. Pension Houses
5. Inns
6. Apartments
7. Condominiums
8. Dormitories
9. Lodging Or Rooming Houses
10. And One- and two-family dwellings

Mercantile
Occupancy
Mercantile occupancies include stores, markets, and

other rooms, buildings, or structures for the display
and/or sale of merchandise.

Mercantile…
Examples:
1. Malls;
2. Supermarkets;
3. Department Stores;
4. Shopping Centers;
5. Flea Markets;
6. Restaurants Of Less Than 50 Persons Capacity;
7. Public/Private Dry And Wet Markets;
8. Water Refilling Stations;
9. Drugstores;
10. Hardwares/Construction Supplies;
11. Showrooms;
12. Auction rooms.

 Stores, markets, malls, supermarkets,
department stores, restaurants
– Class A: Gross area of 2,787sqm or more, 3 floors
– Class B: Gross area of 287-2,787sqm, 2 floors
– Class C: Gross area less than 287sqm, street floor only

Business
Occupancy
RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 “The Flashpoint: PSME Public Forum”
 Business buildings are those used for the transaction
of business other than that covered under Mercantile,
for the keeping of accounts and records and similar
purposes.
 Businesses other than mercantile
 Businesses that typically involve services and not the
display and sale of merchandise
 Examples: Doctor/lawyer/dentist’s office, internet
shops, barbershops, general offices

Business
Examples:
1. Offices for lawyers; doctors; dentists and other

professionals;
2. General offices;
3. City/Municipal halls;
4. Internet shops;
5. Massage parlors,
6. Beauty parlors,
7. Barbershops of less than 50 occupants; and
8. Court houses;

Industrial
Occupancy
 Industrial occupancies include factories that make

products of all kinds and properties which shall
include but not limited to product processing,
assembling and disassembling, mixing, packaging,
finishing or decorating, repairing and material
recovery

Industrial…
Examples:
1. Factories of all kinds;

2. Laboratories;
3. Dry Cleaning Plants;
4. Power Plants;
5. Pumping Stations;
6. Smokehouses;
7. Gas Plants;
8. Refineries;
9. Sawmills,
10. Laundries;
11. Creameries

Storage
Occupancy
 Storage occupancy includes all buildings or

structures utilized primarily for the storage or
sheltering of goods, merchandise, products,
vehicles, or animals.

Storage…
Examples:
1. Warehouses;
2. Cold Storages;
3. Freight Terminals;
4. Truck and Marine Terminals;
5. Bulk Oil Storage;
6. Lpg Storage;
7. Parking Garages;
8. Hangars;
9. Grain Elevators;
10. Barns; And
11. Stables.

Mixed
Occupancy
 Refers to two or more classes of occupancies
occurring/ located/ situated/ existing in the same
building and/or structures so intermingled that
separate safeguards are impracticable.

Miscellaneous
Occupancy
This class of occupancy includes buildings or structure which
cannot be properly classified in any of the preceding
occupancy groups.
Examples:
1. Towers
2. Windowless and Underground Buildings
3. Piers and Water-Surrounded Structures and
4. Immobilized Vehicles and Vessels.

 In case of conflict as to the type or
classification of occupancy, the same
shall be determined by the Chief, BFP
or his duly authorized representative.

REGULATORY REQUIREMENT
FIRE DETECTION ALARM
TYPE OF AUTOMATIC FIRE STANDPIPE SYSTEM AND COMMUNICATION PORTABLE FIRE
OCCUPANCY SUPPRESSION SYSTEM SYSTEM EXTINGUISHER
WET DRY MANUAL AUTOMATIC
BUSINESS Building is 15 m or a. 4 or more All buildings 2 or more 50 or more Required
more in heights storeys in with required storey in occupants
height enclosed height
b. Exceeding
stairway or
1860 m2
smoke-proof
enclosure

RESIDENTIAL All buildings with Less than 15 or more Required
required 15 guest guests
a. Hotel four (4) or more four (4) or more enclosed
storey in height storey in height
stairway or
smoke-proof
b. Dormitory four (4) or more four (4) or more enclosure Less than 15 or more Required
storey in height storey in height 15 guest guests
All buildings with
required
enclosed
stairway or
smoke-proof
enclosure

RESIDENTIAL All buildings with
required enclosed
c. Apartment four (4) or more four (4) or more stairway or smoke- Required 4 or more Required
Buildings storey in height storey in height proof enclosure storeys in
height or
All buildings with
more than
required enclosed
12
stairway or smoke-
apartment
proof enclosure
unit
All buildings with
d. Lodging or four (4) or more four (4) or more required enclosed Not
Rooming storey in height storey in height stairway or smoke- Applicable Required
Houses proof enclosure

Single-and- Not Required Not Required Not Required single Not Required
two Family station Applicable
Dwellings smoke
detector

STANDPIPE SYSTEM AND COMMUNICATION
TYPE OF AUTOMATIC FIRE SYSTEM PORTABLE FIRE
OCCUPANCY SUPPRESSION SYSTEM EXTINGUISHER
ASSEMBLY 1. Bars with live Occupant load All Occupant Required

All buildings with
entertainment exceeding 1000 assembly Load
required
2. Dance halls persons occupan- exceeding
enclosed
3. Discotheques cies 300
stairway or
4. Assembly persons
smoke-proof
occupancy with
enclosure
festival seating
5. With occupant
load of more 300
persons

MERCANTILE
CLASS A All buildings with
2,787m2 or a. Three (3) or more storey in a. 4 or more Class C Class A Required
required
height. storeys in and B
more, enclosed
height
stairway or
b. Exceeding 1115 m2 in gross
CLASS B- Less smoke-proof
area.
enclosure
than 2,787 m2 b. Exceeding
c. Below street floors 1860 m2
CLASS C- 278 exceeding 232 m2 use for
m2 below the sale, storage or handling of
street floor combustible goods and
merchandise

EDUCATIONAL a. building is 15 m 4 or more Every If building Required

All buildings
or more in height storeys in with required educational is
b. basement used height enclosed building protected
as a classroom stairway or with AFSS
or laboratory smoke-proof
enclosure

TYPE OF STANDPIPE SYSTEM AND COMMUNICATION
AUTOMATIC FIRE PORTABLE FIRE
OCCU- SYSTEM
SUPPRESSION SYSTEM EXTINGUISHER
PANCY
HEALTH All hospitals 4 or more All buildings Not Every Required
CARE storeys in with required Applicable building
FACILITIES height enclosed
stairway or
smoke-proof
enclosure

TYPE OF STANDPIPE SYSTEM AND COMMUNICATION
AUTOMATIC FIRE PORTABLE FIRE
OCCU- SYSTEM
SUPPRESSION SYSTEM EXTINGUISHER
PANCY
INDUSTRIAL Every high hazard 4 or more All buildings Less than More than Required
occupancy storeys in with required 25 25
height enclosed employees employees
stairway or
smoke-proof
enclosure

TYPE OF AUTOMATIC FIRE FIRE DETECTION ALARM AND
STANDPIPE SYSTEM COMMUNICATION SYSTEM PORTABLE FIRE
OCCU- SUPPRESSION
EXTINGUISHER
PANCY SYSTEM
STORAGE Every high hazard Exceeding All buildings Ordinary or All storage Required
occupancy 1860m2 with required low hazard occupancies
enclosed building not except
stairway or exceeding ordinary or low
smoke-proof 2000 m2 hazard building
enclosure not exceeding
2000 m2

PASSIVE (PRO-ACTIVE) SYSTEM
Passive protection includes elements of the building
construction such as structural protection and
compartmentation to contain fire and smoke.
Passive measures are there primarily to contain and limit fire

spread, smoke, and heat, so as to provide a safe environment
for escape and rescue.
Pro-active measures can support smoke management systems

by providing fire resistance to smoke extract ducts.
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION FEATURES
 To control fire growth
 To control smoke spread
 To limit spread within the fire building
 To prevent fire spread to other buildings
 To allow rapid egress
 To minimize damage to the building and its contents
 To facilitate Fire Service operations
 To prevent structural collapse
INTERNAL FIRE SPREAD
 The efficiency of Passive Fire Protection systems is measured by its Stability,
Integrity, and Insulation where combining all these properties will extend the
building element’s capability to prevent the fire from spreading and failure of
structural elements;
 Fire Ratings consist of three numbers, for example 60/60/60. This numbers are
in minutes and refer to:
Stability  The protected load bearing element fulfills its

function during the entire fire resistance period
Integrity  The system does not allow spread of fire or hot

gasses during the entire fire resistance period
Insulation  The temperature increase of the unexposed

side of the system remains under set limits during
the entire fire resistance period
Objectives:
Fire compartments are generally included in building design to limit fire

and smoke spread so that people have longer time to escape.
Factors affecting the level of compartmentation:

• occupancy load
• building type or purpose
• fire load
• Height
• active fire systems
BUILDING COMPARTMENTATION
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
MATERIALS
Boards
Coatings
Fire Stoppings
Fire Resistant Glass

Chipboard
Gypsum plasterboard
Fiber cement board
Calcium silicate
board, etc.
WIRED GLASS
INSULATED GLASS
NON INSULATED GLASS

Fire door is a door with a fire-resistance rating used as part of a passive fire
protection system to reduce the spread of fire or smoke between
compartments and to enable safe egress from a building or structure.
FIRE SHUTTERS
Problems
Compartment wall
not slab to slab
Solutions
Fire rated ceilings,
whether suspended
ceiling or ceiling
membrane system.
FIRE RESISTANT CEILING

ACCESS HATCH PANELS
Problems
Access Hatch/Panels is
normally constructed by
non-fire resistant system
Solutions
Put tested access
hatch/panels to prevent fire
from penetrating the hatch
openings
CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM
Problems
Fire from lower/upper floors
will pass through the gaps
between the concrete slab and
the curtain wall
Solutions
Put fire resistant
construction system to
seal the gap between the
concrete slab and the
curtain wall
FIRE RESIST ANT DUCT
Problems
Temperature rise due to fire will
distort the metal sheet ducts,
making them unable to extract
smoke
Solutions
Put tested cladding system to the
metal sheet ducts
Can also use tested self

supporting ducts
FIRE RESISTANT DUCT
Kitchen ventilation
Smoke extraction
Stair pressurization
Fresh air supply
FIRE RESISTANT DUCT
RESULT OF AN ACTUAL FIRE
Shows deflection of metal duct A duct system, protected

(without cladding protection) after with fire resistant cladding
an actual fire after an actual fire
FIRE DAMPER
FIRE DAMPERS are passive fire protection products used in heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) ducts to prevent the spread of fire
inside the ductwork through fire-resistance rated walls and floors.
FIRE STOPPING
Fire stopping is the sealing of

gaps or openings in fire resistant
constructions like walls and slabs
Gaps are created due to:

Service penetrations
Structural movement gaps
Poor workmanship
New service installations
Other trades interference
STRUCTURAL FIRE RESISTANCE
CONCRETE SPALLING
STRUCTURAL STEEL
RESUL T OF AN ACTUAL FIRE
Deflection of steel structure Steel structure collapsed after

after an actual fire an actual fire
Objectives:
* controlling spread of fire by compartmentation

* preventing structural collapse for a period of time
* maintaining the integrity of key access routes to a
level greater than that required for escape

STRUCTURAL FIRE PROTECTION
Objectives:
1. To enable firefighters to bring a fire under control, or to carry out
search and rescue operations without the building collapsing.
2. In fire safety design, to provide adequate means of escape for the

building occupants.
 stability of structure exposed to a fire during the escape period
 compartments to be provided to keep smoke and heat away from escaping
occupants
3. To prevent disproportionate damage to property.
STRUCTURAL STEEL
Problems
Steel loses its load bearing capacity

at temperatures in excess of 550°C
during a fire
Risk of building structure collapse

is greatly increased
TYPES OF FIRE PROTECTION FOR STEEL STRUCTURES
BOARD CLADDING
SYSTEM
CEMENTITIOUS
PRODUCTS
INTUMESCENT
COATINGS
ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
(water-base)
• HYDRANT
• WATER MIST SPRAY
• FOAM
• SPRINKLER
HYDRANT SYSTEM
A fire hydrant, is a connection point by which firefighters can
tap into a water supply
Fire hydrant systems comprise the following primary
components:
•Water Supply Pipes and Valves
•Pump Set Fire Hose
•Hydrant Valve or Landing Valve & Coupling
WATER MIST SPRAY
A water mist system is a fire protection system

which uses a very fine water sprays that produces
mists.
The small water droplets allow the water mist to control,

suppress or extinguish fires by:
1. cooling both the flame and surrounding gases by
evaporation
2. displacing oxygen by evaporation
3. attenuating radiant heat by the small droplets
themselves
The effectiveness of a water mist system in fire
suppression depends on its spray characteristics,
which include the droplet size distribution, flux
density and spray dynamics such as the shielding
of the fuel, fire size and ventilation conditions.
Water mist fire suppression, when compared to the use

of gaseous agents and traditional sprinkler systems, has
the following advantages:
1. Immediate activation
2. High efficiency in the suppression of a wide variety
of fires
3. Minimized water damage
4. Environmentally sound characteristics
5. No toxic issues
FOAM-WATER SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
Foam systems protect any hazard where flammable
liquids are present, such as petrochemical,
chemical, oil and gas, aviation, marine/offshore.
Fire suppression foam is comprised of three parts:

foam concentrate, water and air.
How does foam work ?

1. The foam blankets the fuel surface, smothering the
fire and separating the flames from the fuel surface;
2. The foam cools the fuel and adjacent heat and

ignition sources
3. The foam suppresses the release of flammable

vapor that can mix with air
A foam-water sprinkler system is a special system that
is pipe-connected to a source of foam concentrate
and to a water supply. Foam concentrates are
available in 1%, 3% and 6% concentrations.
The piping system is connected to the water supply

through a control valve that usually is actuated by
operation of automatic detection equipment that is
installed in the same areas as the sprinklers.
Applications:
1. Aircraft hangars
2. Basements and cable tunnels
When this valve opens, water flows into
3. Flammable packaging areas
the piping system, foam concentrate is
4. Flammable and combustible liquid drum storage areas
injected into the water, and the resulting
5. Hazardous waste facilities
foam solution discharging through the
6. LNG tank farms and loading facilities
discharge devices generates and
7. Mines
distributes foam.
8. Roll-paper warehouses
9. Shipboard engine rooms
10. Storage buildings and warehouses
POWDER OR DRY-CHEMICAL-BASE SYSTEM
The extinguishing powders used in powder extinguishing

systems are highly efficient, quick-acting extinguishants.
The three-dimensional extinguishing effect of the powder

cloud is caused by the suffocation effect and the so-called
anti-catalytic effect, a chemical intervention into the
combustion process.
Extinguishing powders mainly consist of non-poisonous non

toxic inorganic salts mixed with waterproofing and pouring
agents. They are used for fires with solid, liquid or gaseous
substances and for metal fires.
CLEAN AGENT FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
(Gas-base)
Heat Reducing Agents Oxygen Reducing Agents

FM - 200 NOVEC 1230 ECARO Argon Argonite Inergen
Interrupts Chemical Reaction CO2

Halon FE-13, 25, 36
How the system work?
Output Manual Release &
Control Abort switch
Input
Panel Strobe Lamp + Bell Alarm
Ion Smoke
Detector
Photo Smoke
Detector Input
Output
Smoke cause from fire Fire Suppressed Gas FM 200 discharge to FM 200 Activated
Room
ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIES
Properties Novec 1230 Halon 1301 FM-200 ECARO-25
(FK-5-1-12) (HFC-227ea) (HFC-125)
Ozone Depletion 0 10 0 0
Potential
Global Warming 1 6900 3220 3500

Potential
Atmospheric 0.014 65 29 33
Lifetime (years)
EPA's SNAP Yes N/A Yes Yes

Conformance
Source: Fireflex System Inc., Technical Presentation to ASPE

Cleveland, OH on March 10, 2010
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Properties Novec 1230 Halon 1301 FM-200 ECARO-25
(FK-5-1-12) (HFC-227ea) (HFC-125)
Design % 4-6% 5% 6.25-8.7 % 8-11.3 %
NOAEL % 10 5 9 7.5
Occupants
67-150 % Nil 3-44 % Nil
Safety Margin %
(NOAEL) No Observable Adverse Effects Level for acute toxicity, including cardiac sensitization
Types of Clean Agent Systems
Engineered System – a system that requires

individual calculation and design to determine the flow
rates, nozzle pressures, pipe sizes, area of volume
protected by each nozzle, quantity of agent, and the
number and types of nozzles and placement in the
enclosed system.
Pre-engineered System – a system that does

not require calculation, the specifications are
pre-determined. Fixed amount of agent to
protect a predetermined hazard and volume.
WET CHEMICAL KITCHEN FIRE SUPPRESSION
ALEXANDER V. LISTANA, PME CEM CFSP REB REA
VP, Power V Engineering
THANK National Treasurer, PSME
Deputy VP for CPD / ATC
YOU President Nominee, Rotary Club of Makati Southeast
09178637420
alexlistana@gmail.com

Fire Safety and Fire Protection Engineering

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Fire Safety and Fire Protection Engineering

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Philippine Society of Mechanical Engineers, Inc.

8th PSME MINDANAO REGIONAL CONFERENCE

Fire Safety and Fire

ALEXANDER V LISTANA, PME PE REA REB CEM CFSP

 To achieve the life safety objective, it is necessary to

Approximately 16% required. To reach ignition temperature, i.e.

SOLID LIQUID GAS

 South Pacific Inc, Phoenix Petroterminal and Industrial Park,

 House Technology Industries, General Trias, Cavite, Feb. 3, 2017.

 Yokohama Tire Phils., Clark Freeport Zone, May 14, 2017. No

Industrial Fire in Philippines

Fire engulfed the entire building of LMB

The LMB reported that the massive

Note: Fire caught the Land

Imagine if the fire is not controlled - the

The archive contains sources of knowledge

RA 8495 – Philippine Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical equipment or Materials handling

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

 Occupancy of any room or space for assembly

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

 Educational occupancies include all buildings or

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

 Health care facilities are those used for purposes of

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

 Detention and correctional buildings are those used to

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

Residential occupancies are those occupancies in which

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

Mercantile occupancies include stores, markets, and

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

1. Offices for lawyers; doctors; dentists and other

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

 Industrial occupancies include factories that make

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

1. Factories of all kinds;

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

 Storage occupancy includes all buildings or

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

ASSEMBLY 1. Bars with live Occupant load All Occupant Required

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008