MISEDUCATION AND

COLONIAL
CONSCIOUSNESS
 AmericaLied About Giving
Independence To The Philippines.
 Its
Occupation Of The Philippines
Was Primarily Self-Serving.
 The
US Abandoned Filipinos—And
Americans—During World War II.
General William Brougher
“A foul trick of deception has
been played on a large group of
Americans by a Commander-in-
Chief and a small staff who are
eating steak and eggs in Australia.”
THE FATALISTIC POEM OF
ABANDONED TROOPS
We’re the battling bastards of Bataan,
No mama, no papa, no uncle Sams,
No aunt, no uncle, no nephews, no
nieces,
No rifles, no planes, or artillery pieces,
And nobody gives a damn.
 Literature
during early decades of
American rule was divided into two
school of thoughts:

1. The Reactionary School

2. The Progressive School
 THE REACTIONARY SCHOOL

 Clientele were the collaborator, or

“Americanistas”
 Extolling the superiority of the great
American nation and her altruistic
mission to help her Malayan brothers;
THE PROGRESSIVE SCHOOL
Whose proponents were the
“irreconcilables” like Mabini and
Artemio Ricarte,and who regarded
the Americans no better than the
Spaniards.
 Mabini’s literary opus “El Semil de
Alejandro” caused his deportation
to Guam.
 The “Pensionado” Program

Was introduced in 1903 which gave

scholarships to deserving Filipinos.
 Selection of scholars was based on
examinations on the subjects:
English Literature, prose and poetry,
history, and selected sciences.
 CAMILO OSIAS
- a product of the pensionado
system;
- became the first Filipino to
become Division Superintendent of
Schools.
- During his time, he introduced
the “OSIAS’ READER”, an official
textbook on literature.
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
IS DIVIDED INTO THREE
TIME FRAMES:
 I. PERIOD OF RE-ORIENTATION
(1898-1910)
 August 13,1898
- American forces occupied Manila.
 Thomasites

- were the first teachers in English

 College Folio

- where the first exercises of the

literary apprentices of the land appeared.
- organ of the student writers in the
U.P.
 II. PERIOD OF IMITATION
(1910-1925)

College Folio was later

replaced by the Philippine
Collegian.
 III. PERIOD OF SELF-DISCOVERY
(1925-1941)
 By this time, Filipino had acquired the
mastery of English writing.
 Three collection of essays stood out
from the rest during this period:
 “Thinking For Ourselves”,edited by Eliseo
Quirino and Vicente Hilario
 “Literature and Society” by Salvador P. Lopez
 “Horizons from My Nipa Hut” by Mang Kiko
(pseudonym of Francisco B. Icasiano)
 Riseof publications hospitable to
these types of writings, such as the
Free Press, the Graphic, the
Philippine Magazine, and the
campus publications, notably the
Literary Apprentice of the University
of the Philippines.
 SOME OF THE
FILIPINO WRITERS
DURING AMERICAN
PERIOD
FERNANDO MARAMAG
- was the
first Filipino poet
in English.

-One of his
famous works
was “Moonlight
on Manila Bay”.
 MOONLIGHT ON MANILA BAY
(Fernando Maramag)
A light serene, ethereal glory,rests
Its beams effulgent on each cresting wave;
The silver touches of the moonlight lave
The deep’s bare bosom that the breeze molests;
Has swelled the murmur of the peaceful air;

Here East and West have oft displayed their might;

Dark battle clouds have dimmed this scene so fair;
Here bold Olympia,one historic night,
Presaging freedom,claimed a people’s care.
ZOILO GALANG
-He was the author of
the first English novel
written by a Filipino- "A
Child of Sorrow.

-Some of his
outstanding works
include "Nadia",
"ForDreams Must Die",
"Springtime", and
"Leaders of the
Philippines“.
A CHILD OF
SORROW
BY ZOILO
GALANG
SEVERINO REYES
 In tagalog drama,
Severino Reyes was
the most outstanding.
Severino Reyes is very
well-known and
respected for his
literary talents. In fact,
for many, he is known
as the Father of
Filipino Plays.
WALANG SUGAT
BY SEVERINO REYES
 MAXIMO KALAW
 He studied at the Philippine
Normal School and the
University of the Philippines
wherein he became the editor
of Collegio Folio.
 He became an associate
editor of the Manila Times,a
professor of political science at
the University of the Philippines,
an exchange professor at the
University of Michigan,
becoming the first Filipino to
teach in an American
university.
USAPIN NG MGA PILIPINO
BY MAXIMO KALAW
PAZ BENITEZ
 Authored the
first Filipino
modern English
language short
story,Dead
Stars, Published
in the Philippine
Herald in 1925.
DEAD STARS
BY PAZ MARQUEZ BENITEZ
AMADO V. HERNANDEZ
 Was dubbed
“Poet of the
Laborers”.

 His masterpiece
is “Ang Panday”.
ANG PANDAY
At lumang araro’y pinagbagang muli
At saka pinanday nang nagdudumali.
Naging tabak namang tila humihingi
Ng paghihiganti ng lahing sinawi;

Kaputol na bakal na kislap ma’y wala,

Ang kahalagahan ay di matangkala,
Ginawang araro, pambuhay ng madla;
Ginawang sandata,pananggol ng bansa!
LOPE K. SANTOS
 known as the “Father of
the Philippine National
Language and
Grammar.”
 In 1952, Lope K. Santos
founded the group
TANIW, which stands
for Taliba ng Inang
Wika (Sentinel of the
Mother Language).
ANG MATAMPUHIN
BY LOPE K SANTOS
Damong makahiya na munting
masanggi’y
nangunguyumpis na’t buong nakikimi,
matalsikan lamang hamog na konti’t
halik ng amiha’y mabigla sa dampi
mga kinaliskis na daho’y tutupi’t
tila na totoong lanta na’t uns’yami.
JOSE CORAZON DE JESUS
 also known by his pen
name Huseng Batute,
was a Filipino poet who
used Tagalog poetry to
express the Filipinos'
desire for independence
during the American
occupation of the
Philippines
 He is best known for
being the lyricist of the
Filipino song Bayan Ko.
BAYAN KO
Ibon mang may layang lumipad
kulungin mo at umiiyak
Bayan pa kayang sakdal dilag
Ang di magnasang makaalpas!

Pilipinas kong minumutya

Pugad ng luha ko’t dalita
Aking adhika,
Makita kang sakdal laya.
THREE KINDS OF TAGALOG POETS
POEMS
TO THE YANKEES BY CECILIO APOSTOL
When the sons of the infamous Judas
Sell the faith that has been sworn,
When the whimper of weal peoples,
They answer with animal laughters.

When holy right is bartered,

In the banquet of human ambition,
As when the yankees,
Toast a nation to the sound of a cannon.
TAGALOG POEMS
PANULAT BY BENIGNO R. RAMOS

Kung ikaw, Panulat, ay di magagamit,

Kundi sa paghamak sa Bayang may
hapis,
Manang mabakli ka’t ang taglay
mong tulis,
Ay bulagin ako at sugatan sa dibdib.
ISANG PUNONG KAHOY- JOSE
CORAZON DE JESUS

Kung tatanawin mo sa malayong

pook,
Ako’y tila isang nakadipang krus;
Sa napakatagal na pagkakaluhod,
Parang hinahagkan ang paa ng
Diyos.
SHORT STORY
A SON IS BORN
MANUEL E. ARGUILLA
“She looked down upon Berting and
me and her eyes held a light that I
dimly felt sprang from the love she
bore us, her children. I could not bear
her gaze any longer. It filled me with a
longing to be good and kind to her. I
looked down at my arms and I was
full of shame and regret.”
ESSAY
THE REVOLUTION ENDS IN THE
DOWNFALL OF THE REPUBLIC

BY APOLINARIO MABINI
PLAY
KAHAPON, NGAYON AT BUKAS

BY AURELIO TOLENTINO
 QUIZ
TIME!!!
1. This program was introduced in 1903
which gave scholarships to deserving
Filipinos.
2. The proponents of this school were
the “irreconcilabes”
3. It is the literary opus of Mabini that
caused his deportation to Guam.
4. It is a school of thought whose
clientele were the “Americanistas”
5. It is when the American forces
occupied Manila.
6-8. Give the three time frames of
Philippine literature during American
rule.
9. He introduced the Osias Reader which
was an official textbook on literature
during his time.
10. They were the first teachers in English.
11. This is where the first exercises of the
literary apprentices of the land
appeared.
12. He is known as the “Father of Filipino
Plays”
13. He was the first Filipino poet who
wrote the poem, “Moonlight on Manila
Bay”
14. It is the first English novel written by
Zoilo Galang.
15. He became the first Filipino to teach
in an American university.
16. He was dubbed as the “Poet of the
Laborers”
17-19. Give the three kinds of Tagalog
Poets
20.
15. He was known as the “Father of the
Philippine National Language and
Grammar”
16. He was dubbed as the “Poet of the
Laborers”
17-19. Give the three kinds of Tagalog
Poets
20. He became the first Filipino to teach
in an American university.
21. He is best known for being the lyricist of
the Filipino song Bayan Ko.
22-26 Name five poets under Poets of the
Heart.
27. It was a play written by Aurelio Tolentino
28. Who wrote the short story, “A Son is
Born”
29. The essay “The Revolution Ends in the
Downfall of the Republic”was written by?
30. It was a poem written by Lope K. Santos.
ANSWERS:
1. Progressive School
2. Reactionary School
3. El Semil de Alejandro
4. The Pensionado Program
5.Camilo Osias
6. Period of Re-orientation
7.Period of Imitation
8.Period of Self-Discovery
9. August 13,1898
10. Thomasites
11. College Folio
12. Severino Reyes
13. Fernando Maramag
14. A Child of Sorrow
15. Maximo Kalaw
16. Amado V. Hernandez
17. Poets of the Heart
18. Poets of Life
19. Poets of the Stage
20. Lope K. Santos
21. Jose Corazon De Jesus
22.-26
27. Kahapon,Ngayon at Bukas
28. Manuel E. Arguilla
29. Apolinario Mabini
30. Ang Matampuhin