1

Example – 1

Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 21 – 2
= 2–2
= 0 Subnet

• One bit masking is Invalid, You are not getting any

networks when you convert 1 host bit to network bit.

2
HELP
Example – 2

Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 27 – 2
= 128 – 2
= 126 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 21 – 2
= 2 – 2 = 0 Hosts/Subnet
• In this case, You are not getting any host when you
convert 7 host bit to network bit.
3
HELP
Example – 3

Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 28 – 2
= 256 – 2
= 254 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 20 – 2
= 0 – 2 = -2 Hosts/Subnet
• In this case, You are not getting any host when you
convert 8 host bit to network bit.
4
HELP
Requirement of Hosts is 40 ?
Example – 1

Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2  Req. of Host
= 26 – 2  40 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 64 – 2
= 62 Hosts/Subnet

• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 22 – 2
= 4–2
= 2 Subnet
5
HELP
Example – 1 (Continued…)

• Customize
If youSubnet Mask
convert = Bits to Network Bits
2 Host
255. 2255.
Subnet & 255. 192
62 Hosts/Subnet
11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.192
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
192.168.1.0 – 192.168.1.63 x
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.64 – 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.191
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.128 – 192.168.1.191
192.168.1.192 – 192.168.1.255 x

6
Requirement of Hosts is 2 ?
Example – 2

Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2  Req. of Host
= 22 – 2  2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 4–2
= 2 Hosts/Subnet

• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 26 – 2
= 64 – 2
= 62 Subnet
7
HELP
Example – 2 (Continued…)

• Customize Subnet Mask =

255. 255. 255. 252

11111111.11111111.11111111. 11111100

• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.0 – 192.168.1.3 x
192.168.1.4 – 192.168.1.7
192.168.1.8 – 192.168.1.11
192.168.1.12 – 192.168.1.15
Valid Subnets

192.168.1.248 – 192.168.1.251
192.168.1.252 – 192.168.1.255 x 8
Cisco / Notation
Example – 1
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0/29
Extra Network Bits = 29 – 24 = 5
Put n value = 5
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 25 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 32 – 2
= 30 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 23 – 2
= 8–2
= 6 Hosts/Subnet 9
HELP
Example – 1 (Continued…)

• Customize
If youSubnet Mask
convert = Bits to Network Bits
5 Host
255. 255.
30 Subnet &255. 248
6 Hosts/Subnet
11111111.11111111.11111111. 11111000
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.248
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
192.168.1.0 – 192.168.1.7 x
192.168.1.8 to 192.168.1.15
192.168.1.8 – 192.168.1.15
192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.23
192.168.1.16 – 192.168.1.23
192.168.1.24 to 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.24 – 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.39
Valid Subnets

192.168.1.240 – 192.168.1.247
192.168.1.240 to 192.168.1.247
192.168.1.248 – 192.168.1.255 x 10
Cisco / Notation
Example – 2
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0/28
Extra Network Bits = 28 – 24 = 4
Put n value = 4
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 24 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 16 – 2
= 14 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 24 – 2
= 16 – 2
= 14 Hosts/Subnet 11
HELP
Example – 2 (Continued…)

• Customize
If youSubnet Mask
convert = Bits to Network Bits
4 Host
255. 14255.
Subnet &255. 240
14 Hosts/Subnet
11111111.11111111.11111111. 11110000
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.240
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
192.168.1.0 – 192.168.1.15 x
192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.16 – 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.47
192.168.1.32 – 192.168.1.47
192.168.1.48 to 192.168.1.63
192.168.1.48 – 192.168.1.63
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.80
Valid Subnets

192.168.1.224 – 192.168.1.239
192.168.1.224 to 192.168.1.239
192.168.1.240 – 192.168.1.255 x 12
Requirement of Networks is 2 ?
Example – 1

Class B : N.N.H.H
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 172.16.0.0
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2  Req. of Subnet
= 22 – 2  2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 4–2
= 2 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 214 – 2
= 16384 – 2
= 16382 Hosts/Subnet
13
HELP
Example – 1 (Continued…)

• Customize
If youSubnet
convertMask = Bits to Network Bits
2 Host
255. 255. & 16382
2 Subnet 192. Hosts/Subnet
0

11111111.11111111.11000000. 00000000
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.192.0
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast
Subnet Range ID
–
172.16.0.0 172.16.64.0172.16.63.255 x
to 172.16.127.255
172.16.64.0 –
172.16.128.0 172.16.127.255
to 172.16.191.255Valid Subnets
172.16.128.0 – 172.16.191.255
172.16.192.0 – 172.16.255.255 x

14
Requirement of Hosts is 126 ?
Example – 2

Class B : N.N.H.H
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 172.16.0.0
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2  Req. of Host
= 27 – 2  126 (-2 is for Network ID & BroadcastID)
= 128 – 2
= 126 Hosts/Subnet

• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 29 – 2
= 512 –2
= 510 Subnet
15
HELP
Example – 2 (Continued…)

• Customize
If youSubnet Mask
convert = Bits to Network Bits
9 Host
255. 510255.
Subnet &255. 128
126 Hosts/Subnet
11111111.11111111.11111111. 10000000
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.128
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
172.16.0.0 – 172.16.0.127 x
172.16.0.128 to 172.16.0.255
172.16.0.128 – 172.16.0.255
172.16.1.0 to 172.16.1.127
172.16.1.0 – 172.16.1.127
172.16.1.128 to 172.16.1.255
172.16.1.128 – 172.16.1.255
172.16.2.0 to 172.16.2.127 Valid Subnets

172.16.255.0 – 172.16.255.127
172.16.255.0 to 172.16.255.127
172.16.255.128 – 172.16.255.255 x 16
Cisco / Notation
Example – 3
Class B : N.N.H.H
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 172.16.0.0/22
Extra Network Bits = 22 – 16 = 6
Put n value = 6
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 26 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 64 – 2
= 62 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 210 – 2
= 1024 – 2
= 1022 Hosts/Subnet 17
HELP
Example – 3 (Continued…)

• Customize
If youSubnet Mask
convert = Bits to Network Bits
6 Host
255. 62255. 252. Hosts/Subnet
Subnet & 1022 0

11111111.11111111.11111100. 00000000
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.252.0
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
172.16.0.0 – 172.16.3.255 x
172.16.4.0 to 172.16.7.255
172.16.4.0 – 172.16.7.255
172.16.8.0 to 172.16.11.255
172.16.8.0 – 172.16.11.255
172.16.12.0 to 172.16.15.255
172.16.12.0 – 172.16.15.255
172.16.16.0 to 172.16.19.255 Valid Subnets

172.16.248.0 – 172.16.251.255
172.16.248.0 to 172.16.251.255
172.16.252.0 – 172.16.255.255 x 18
Requirement of Networks is 500 ?
Example – 1

Class A : N.H.H.H
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class A : 10.0.0.0
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2  Req. of Subnet
= 29 – 2  500 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 512 – 2
= 510 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 215 – 2
= 32768 – 2
= 32766 Hosts/Subnet
19
HELP
Example – 1 (Continued…)

• Customize
If youSubnet Mask
convert = Bits to Network Bits
9 Host
255. 510255. 128. Hosts/Subnet
Subnet & 32766 0

11111111.11111111.10000000. 00000000
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.128.0
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
10.0.0.0 – 10.0.127.255
10.0.128.0 to 10.0.255.255
x
10.0.128.0 – 10.0.255.255
10.1.0.0 to 10.1.127.255
10.1.0.0 – 10.1.127.255
10.1.128.0 to 10.1.255.255
10.1.128.0 – 10.1.255.255
10.2.0.0 to 10.2.127.255 Valid Subnets

10.255.0.0 – 10.255.127.255
10.255.0.0 to 10.255.127.255
10.255.128.0 – 10.255.255.255 x 20
Requirement of Hosts is 260000 ?
Example – 2

Class A : N.H.H.H
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class A : 10.0.0.0
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2  Req. of Host
= 218 – 2  260000 (-2 is for Network ID & BroadcastID)
= 262144 – 2
= 262142 Hosts/Subnet
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 26 – 2
= 64 – 2
= 62 Subnet
21
HELP
Example – 2 (Continued…)

• Customize
If youSubnet Mask
convert = Bits to Network Bits
6 Host
255. 62 Subnet
252. & 262142
0. 0
Hosts/Subnet
11111111.11111100.00000000. 00000000
Customize Subnet Mask
255.252.0.0
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
10.0.0.0 – 10.3.255.255
10.4.0.0 to 10.3.255.255
x
10.4.0.0 – 10.7.255.255
10.8.0.0 to 10.7.255.255
10.8.0.0 – 10.11.255.255
10.12.0.0 to 10.15.255.255
10.12.0.0 – 10.15.255.255
10.16.0.0 to 10.19.255.255 Valid Subnets

10.248.0.0 – 10.251.255.255
10.248.0.0 to 10.251.255.255
10.252.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 x 22
Cisco / Notation
Example – 3
Class A : N.H.H.H
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class A : 10.0.0.0/20
Extra Network Bits = 20 – 8 = 12
Put n value = 12
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 212 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 4096 – 2
= 4094 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 212 – 2
= 4096 – 2
= 4094 Hosts/Subnet 23
HELP
Example – 3 (Continued…)

• Customize
If youSubnet
convertMask = Bits to Network Bits
12 Host
255. 4094 255.
Subnet &240. 0
4094 Hosts/Subnet
11111111.11111111.11110000. 00000000
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.240.0
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
10.0.0.0 – 10.0.15.255 x
10.0.16.0 to 10.31.255.255
10.0.16.0 – 10.0.31.255
10.0.32.0 to 10.47.255.255
10.0.32.0 – 10.0.47.255
10.0.48.0 to 10.63.255.255
10.0.48.0 – 10.0.63.255
10.0.64.0 to 10.79.255.255 Valid Subnets

10.255.224.0 – 10.255.239.255
10.255.224.0 to 10.255.239.255
10.255.240.0 – 10.255.255.255 x 24
VLSM

• Subnetting a subnet is called as Variable Length

Subnet Mask

• VLSMs provide the capability to include more than

one subnet mask within a major network

25
Scenario

ZOOM Technologies is having 100 PC

• ZOOM Technologies – 192.168.1.0/24

– MCSE
– CISCO
– FIREWALL
– SOLARIS
– TRAINING

• Administrator’s requirement : Inter-department

communication should not be possible ?
Best Solution is :

FLSM i.e. Subnetting

26
Scenario (…continued)

Now we are also having sub departments

ZOOM Technologies
– MCSE
– CISCO
– Ccna
– Ccnp
– FIREWALL
– ISA
– Checkpoint
– Net SQ
– Clavister
– Cisco PIX
– SOLARIS
– Linux
– Unix
– Solaris 27
– TRAINING
Scenario (…continued)

• Administrator does not want inter-department

communication in the sub departments ?

Answer : You will use the subnet range to further

divide it into smaller ranges, this time its
Subnetting of a Subnet i.e. VLSM.

28
Calculation of FLSM

Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2  Req. of Subnet
= 23 – 2  5 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 8–2
= 6 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 25 – 2
= 32 – 2
= 30 Hosts/Subnet
29
HELP
FLSM (Continued…)

• Customize
If youSubnet Mask
convert = Bits to Network Bits
3 Host
255. 6255.
Subnet & 255. 224
30 Hosts/Subnet
11111111.11111111.11111111. 11100000
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.224
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
192.168.1.0 192.168.1.31 x
192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.63.
192.168.1.32 192.168.1.63
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.95
192.168.1.64 192.168.1.95
192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.96 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.159
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.128 192.168.1.159
192.168.1.160 to 192.168.1.191
192.168.1.160 192.168.1.191
192.168.1.192 to 192.168.1.223
192.168.1.192 192.168.1.223
192.168.1.224 192.168.1.255 x 30
Assigning of the Ranges

ZOOM Technologies
– MCSE 192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27
– CISCO 192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27
– Ccna
– Ccnp
– FIREWALL 192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27
– ISA
– Checkpoint
– Net SQ
– Clavister
– Cisco PIX
– SOLARIS 192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27
– Linux
– Unix
– Solaris
– TRAINING 192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27 31
Calculation of VLSM for CISCO Dept.

Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.64
• No. of Subnet
= 2n  Req. of Subnet
= 21  2
= 2
= 2 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 24 – 2
= 16 – 2
= 14 Hosts/Subnet
32
HELP
VLSM (Continued…)

• Customize Subnet Mask

If you convert 1 more= Host Bit to Network Bit
255. 2255.
Subnet & 255. 240
14 Hosts/Subnet
11111111.11111111.11111111. 11110000
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.240
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
192.168.1.64 – 192.168.1.79
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.79
192.168.1.80 – 192.168.1.95 Valid Subnets
192.168.1.80 to 192.168.1.95

33
Assigning of the Ranges

ZOOM Technologies
– MCSE 192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27
– CISCO 192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27
– Ccna 192.168.1.64 – 1.79/28
– Ccnp 192.168.1.80 – 1.95/28
– FIREWALL 192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27
– ISA
– Checkpoint
– Net SQ
– Clavister
– Cisco PIX
– SOLARIS 192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27
– Linux
– Unix
– Solaris
– TRAINING 192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27 34
Calculation of VLSM for Firewall Dept.

Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.96
• No. of Subnet
= 2n  Req. of Subnet
= 23  5
= 8
= 8 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 22 – 2
= 4–2
= 2 Hosts/Subnet
35
HELP
VLSM (Continued…)

• Customize Subnet Mask

If you convert = Host Bit to Network Bit
3 more
255. 255.
8 Subnet &255. 252
2 Hosts/Subnet
11111111.11111111.11111111. 11111100
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.252
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast
Subnet Range ID
192.168.1.96 – 192.168.1.99
192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.99
192.168.1.100 – 192.168.1.103
192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.103
192.168.1.104 – 192.168.1.107
192.168.1.104 to 192.168.1.107
192.168.1.108 – 192.168.1.111
192.168.1.108 to 192.168.1.111
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.112 – 192.168.1.115
192.168.1.112 to 192.168.1.115
192.168.1.116 – 192.168.1.119
192.168.1.116 to 192.168.1.119
192.168.1.120 – 192.168.1.123
192.168.1.120 to 192.168.1.123
192.168.1.124 – 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.124 to 192.168.1.127 36
Assigning of the Ranges

ZOOM Technologies
– MCSE 192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27
– CISCO 192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27
– Ccna 192.168.1.64 – 1.79/28
– Ccnp 192.168.1.80 – 1.95/28
– FIREWALL 192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27
– ISA 192.168.1.96 – 1.99/30
– Checkpoint 192.168.1.100 – 1.103/30
– Net SQ 192.168.1.104 – 1.107/30
– Clavister 192.168.1.108 – 1.111/30
– Cisco PIX 192.168.1.112 – 1.115/30
– SOLARIS 192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27
– Linux
– Unix
– Solaris
– TRAINING 192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27 37
Calculation of VLSM for Solaris Dept.

Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.128
• No. of Subnet
= 2n  Req. of Subnet
= 22  3
= 4
= 4 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 23 – 2
= 8–2
= 6 Hosts/Subnet
38
HELP
VLSM (Continued…)

• Customize Subnet Mask

If you convert = Host Bit to Network Bit
2 more
255. 255.
4 Subnet &255. 248
6 Hosts/Subnet
11111111.11111111.11111111. 11111000
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.248
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast
Subnet Range ID
192.168.1.128 – 192.168.1.135
192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.135
192.168.1.136 – 192.168.1.143
192.168.1.136 to 192.168.1.143
192.168.1.144 – 192.168.1.151 Valid Subnets
192.168.1.144 to 192.168.1.151
192.168.1.152 – 192.168.1.159
192.168.1.152 to 192.168.1.159

39
Assigning of the Ranges

ZOOM Technologies
– MCSE 192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27
– CISCO 192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27
– Ccna 192.168.1.64 – 1.79/28
– Ccnp 192.168.1.80 – 1.95/28
– FIREWALL 192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27
– ISA 192.168.1.96 – 1.99/30
– Checkpoint 192.168.1.100 – 1.103/30
– Net SQ 192.168.1.104 – 1.107/30
– Clavister 192.168.1.108 – 1.111/30
– Cisco PIX 192.168.1.112 – 1.115/30
– SOLARIS 192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27
– Linux 192.168.1.128 – 1.135/29
– Unix 192.168.1.136 – 1.143/29
– Solaris 192.168.1.144 – 1.151/29
– TRAINING 192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27 40
 VSNL ROUTER 192.168.1.0/24

1.32/27 1.160/27

1.64/27 1.128/27 1.144/29

1.64/28 1.136/29

1.96/27
1.79/28 1.128/29

1.96/30 1.112/30

1.100/30 1.108/30
1.104/30

41
CIDR
Classless Inter Domain Routing

• It is reverse (inverse) of Subnetting

• Combining of Multiple Networks to Single

Networks

• Converting Network Bits to Hosts Bits

i.e. Converting 1’s into 0’s

• Generally design for Class C networks

• Easier Summarization

• It is also known as Supernetting

42
 VSNL ROUTER 192.168.1.0/24

1.32/27 1.160/27

1.64/27 1.128/27 1.144/29

1.64/28 1.136/29

1.96/27
1.79/28 1.128/29

1.96/30 1.112/30

1.100/30 1.108/30
1.104/30

43
Requirement of Hosts is 1000 ?
Example – 1

Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.0.0
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2  Req. of Host
= 210 – 2  1000 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast
ID)
= 1024 – 2
= 1022 Hosts/Subnet

44
HELP
Example – 1 (Continued…)

• Customize Subnet Mask =

255. 255. 252. 0

11111111.11111111.11111100. 00000000

• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.3.255
192.168.4.0 – 192.168.7.255
192.168.8.0 – 192.168.11.255
192.168.12.0 – 192.168.15.255
Valid Subnets

192.168.248.0 – 192.168.251.255
192.168.252.0 – 192.168.255.255 45
Requirement of Hosts is 12000 ?
Example – 2

Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.0.0
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2  Req. of Host
= 214 – 2  12000 (-2 is for Network ID &BroadcastID)
= 16384 – 2
= 16382 Hosts/Subnet

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HELP
Example – 2 (Continued…)

• Customize Subnet Mask =

255. 255. 192. 0

11111111.11111111.11000000. 00000000

• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.63.255
192.168.64.0 – 192.168.127.255
192.168.128.0 – 192.168.191.255
192.168.192.0 – 192.168.255.255

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48
Power table

POWER TABLE

21 = 2 29 = 512 217 = 131072 225 = 33554432

22 = 4 210 = 1024 218 = 262144 226 = 67108864

23 = 8 211 = 2048 219 = 524288 227 = 134217728

24 = 16 212 = 4096 220 = 1048576 228 = 268435456

25 = 32 213 = 8192 221 = 2097152 229 = 536870912

26 = 64 214 = 16384 222 = 4194304 230 = 1073741824

27 = 128 215 = 32768 223 = 8388608 231 = 2147483648

28 = 256 216 = 65536 224 = 16777216 232 = 4294967296

49