Laplace Transform

Introduction to Laplace Transform

Differential Equation
Many models of engineering systems involve the rate of change of a
quantity. There is thus a need to incorporate derivatives into the mathematical
model.
These mathematical models are examples of differential equations.
Accompanying the differential equation will be one or more conditions that let
us obtain a unique solution.
Often we solve the differential equation first to obtain a general solution;
then we apply the conditions to obtain the unique solution.
It is important to know which conditions must be specified in order to obtain
a unique solution.
Differential Equation
General Solution of a Differential Equation
Consider the formula y = Ae2x where A is an arbitrary constant
If we differentiate it we obtain dy/dx = 2 Ae2x
since y = Ae2x
we obtain: dy/dx = 2y

Notice that we have eliminated the arbitrary constant

Differential Equation
Now consider the formula: y = A cos 3x + B sin 3x
where A and B are arbitrary constants
Differentiating: dy/dx = −3A sin 3x + 3B cos 3x
Differentiating a second time: d2y/dx2 = −9 A cos 3x − 9 B sin 3x
right-hand side is simply (−9) times the expression for y

Now y satisfies the differential equation d2y/dx2 = −9y

We have seen that an expression including one arbitrary constant required one
differentiation to obtain a differential equation which eliminated the arbitrary
constant. Where two constants were present, two differentiations were required.
Transforms
Laplace Transforms and Causal
Functions
The Laplace Transform is a more complicated type of Transform
than the simple Geometric Transformation considered earlier.

What is done to transform f(t) of a single variable t into another

function F(s) of a single variable s through the relation:

GENERAL EQUATION USED

FOR LAPLACE TRANSFORM
CAUSAL FUNCTIONS
Transforms and Causal Functions
Transforms and Causal Functions
Transforms and Causal Functions
Transforms and Causal Functions
Example
Causal Functions (Properties)
Causal Functions (Properties)
Laplace Transform
Laplace Transform
Example of Laplace Transform
Example (Step Function)
Example of Laplace Transform
Laplace Transform
Example (Ramp Function)
Laplace Transform
Example (Ramp Function)
Laplace Transform
Example (Ramp Function)
Example of Laplace Transform
Find the laplace transform of the function, f(t)=e -3t u(t)

Ans: 1/ s+3
Example of Laplace Transform
Laplace Transformation
(Linearity Property)
If f(t) and g(t) are causal functions and c1, c2 are constants then:
Example:
Example:
Obtain the Laplace transforms of the hyperbolic function: sinh at
Example:
Obtain the Laplace transforms of the hyperbolic function: cosh at
Example:Find the Laplace transform of the delayed step-function: u(t − a), a > 0