dispneu

SCENARIO 2

“
A 67-year-old man, came to the polyclinic with complaints of
frequent shortages. Tightness, especially when walking more than
100 meters. Complaints are also felt especially at night. Patients
often experience coughing with thick white phlegm. Smoking
history of 2 packs per day and only stopped for the last 3 months

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 KEYWORDS

1. A man 67 years old

2. Dispneu.

3. Cough with thick white phlegm.

4. The complains is felt at night.

5. History of smoking 2 packs a day.

6. Stopped smoking in the last 3 monts.

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 Anatomy of respiratory system

Nose Cavity (Cavum Nasalis)

 Anatomy of respiratory system

2. pharynx
 Anatomy of respiratory system

3. Trachea (Trachea)
 Anatomy of respiratory system

4. larynx
 Anatomy of respiratory system

5. Bronchus
 Anatomy of respiratory system

6. Pulmo
 mechanism of dispneu

When irritants enter the inhalation airway

transmission to the bronchi consisting of smooth

muscle spasm

the body to respond by increasing the need for O2

mucosal edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells

and thick mucous hypersecretion

causing narrowing of the airways to disrupt the gas.the

body to respond by increasing the need for O2

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 CONT…

Dispnea that occurs in a person must be associated with a minimal level of activity that
causes dyspnea, to determine whether dyspnea occurs after moderate or severe
activity, or occurs at rest

As for the factors that cause

shortness of breath as follows:
Heart disease: left
Emotional: anxiety and depression
ventricular failure and mitral
stenosis

Pulmonary disease: obstructive

pulmonary disease, asthma,
restrictive pulmonary disease,
pulmonary embolism, and Anemia: reduced oxygen carrying capacity
pulmonary hypertension

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 what’s the relation between cigarettes and symphtons?

Cigarettes :
- have a negative influence on human life in terms
of physical effect
- can reduce physical fitness for smokers
Hemselves

Why ?
Tar in the content of cigarettes ( not only tar can damage
health but many other ingredients)

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 Cont….

Smokers there will be changes

Lung function with all kind of clinical

sypphtoms (this is the man basis for
the occurrence of COPD, pain & heat
in the chest and many more?

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 What is the risk factor?

RESPIRATORY TAXES IN ENVIRONMEN

SMOKING INFECTION WORKPLACE TAL AIR
POLLUTION
 Step of diagnosis

RELEVANT SPECIAL
ANAMNESIS CLINICAL EXAMINATION
INVESTIGATIONS

 Identity
 inspection  Chest radiography
 Main (CXR)
 palpation  Electrocardiograp
complaint
 percussion hy (ECG)
 History of the
 auscultation  Cardiopulmonary
disease exercise tests
 Family history
 BROKITIS CHRONIC EMFISEMA Bronchial asthma

cause persistent productive cough permanent abnormal Chronic airway

that lasts 3 months in 1
year for 2 consecutive
years.
Risk factor • smoking and recurrent
infections
enlargement of the air cavity
located distal from the terminal
bronchioles accompanied by
destruction of the cavity wall.
• smoking
• Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
inflammation
o Allergens (house dust,
animal hair)
o Food (seasonings,
flavorings, preservatives)
o Airway infection

symptoms • dispneu • dispneu o Wheezing

• wheezing and chronic • wheezing and chronic cough, o dispneu
cough, usually often accompanied by phlegm o symptoms arise repeatedly
accompanied by long- • often get lung infections (episodic)
lasting phlegm • heart failure o can heal / lose itself
• hypoxia • hypoxia spontaneously or with
medicine (reversible)
Supportive • pulmonary function test • pulmonary function test o Laboratory examination
checking • chest X-ray • chest X-ray o Radiology
o Pulmonary physiological
16 examinatio
EMPHYSEMA BRONKITIS CHRONIC ASHMA
 TREATMENT

objective management : General management :

1. Reduce symptoms 1. Education

2. Prevent recurrent exacerbations 2. Drugs
3. Fix and prevent a decrease in
3. oxygen therapy
lung function
4. Improving the quality of life of 4. mechanical ventilation
patients 5. Nutrition
6. Rehabilitation

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Imam Nawawi in kitab al-Majmû’ Syrahul Muhadzdzab (Kairo: Darul Hadits, 2010) said
some of the hadiths spoken by the Prophet including:

َِ ‫ل ِل ُك‬
‫ل دَاءَ دَ َواءَ فتداووا وال تداووا بالحرام‬ ََ َ‫إن هللا تعالى أ َ ْنز‬
ََ ‫ل الدَّا ََء َوالد ََّوا ََء َو َج َع‬

the meaning: “Indeed, Allah decreases his disease and medicine and makes every disease
a cure. Then take care of you, and do not you seek treatment with the unclean (HR. Abu
Dawud dari Abu Darda)
 REFERENCE

1. Patwa, A. and Shah, A. (2015). Anatomy and physiology of respiratory system relevant to
anaesthesia. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, 59(9), p.533.
2. Price, Sylvia Anderson dan Lorraine MW. Patofisiologi Vol 1. Ed 6. Jakarta : EGC. 2005.
3. Ibrahim HS.Kesehatan Fisik pada Lansia.Banda Aceh.Faculty of Medicine,Syiah Kuala
University, Banda Aceh
4. loscalzo joseph. 2014 pulmonology and critical illness Issue 2. Jakarta . EGC pages 167-
168)
5. Barnes PJ. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2000; 343: 269–
280[PubMed]
6. Standards for the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease. American Thoracic Society. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995; 152 (5 pt 2): S77–
S121 [PubMed]
7. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. COPD essentials for health professionals. NIH
Publication No. 07-5845. December 2006. Bethesda,
MD. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/lung/copd/campaign-materials/pub/provider-
card.pdfAccessed April 30, 2008.
8. (HR. Abu Dawud dari Abu Darda)
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 👍
Thanks!
Any questions?

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