THE UNIVERSE AND SOLAR

SYSTEM

Prepared by: Jan Camille Tongco

S.Y. 2016 - 2017
 What is the Universe?
The Universe is all of time and space
and its contents. It includes planets,
moons, minor planets, stars, galaxies,
the contents of intergalactic space,
and all matter and energy.
 Scientific Models of the
Universe
Nicolaus Copernicus
(February 1473 – 24 May
1543)

Galileo Galilei Johannes Kepler

(February 15,1564 – (December 27, 1571 –
January 8, 1642) November 15, 1630)
Heliocentric Model
Father of Observational - Sun is the center of the Law of Planetary Motion
Astronomy Solar System - elliptical planet orbits
 THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Planets & its Satellites

Sun
What can we see in the
Solar System?

Dwarf Planets

Other Objects
 THE SOLAR SYSTEM

• Consists of the Sun and the celestial objects

bound by gravity: 8 planets, 5 dwarf planets, 173
known moons / satellite and billions of small
bodies
• The dimension of the Solar System are specified
in terms if the mean distance from Earth to the
Sun called “Astronomical Unit” (AU)
• 1 AU = 150 km
• Diameter: 1.41 x 1010 meters of 13 light hours
 Sun
- Origin of name: SOL – Latin for
“sun”
- Discovered: Known since
antiquity
- Surface Temperature: 5,500◦C
(9,932 ◦ F)
- Core Temperature: 15 million◦ C
(27 million ◦ F)
 Sun
1. Photosphere – surface of the Sun covered
by 2 layers of atmosphere:
– Chromosphere – made of hot gases (mainly hydrogen)
that swirl around the surface of the Sun
– Corona – outermost layer of the Sun and stretches
towards planets as far as Mercury
2. Core – light is created by nuclear reactions
between hydrogen and helium
3. Radiative Zone – heat created by the core moves
outward through the gases
4. Convective Zone – energy is transported by the
convection
5. Sunspots – dark spots appearing at the surface of
the Earth
Sun
 Planets
- Greek word meaning “wanderer”
- According to AIU: it is a celestial body
that:
a. orbits around the Sun
b.has sufficient mass for its self-
gravity to overcome rigid body forces
so that t assumes a hydrostatic (nearly
round) shape
c.has cleared the neighborhood
around its orbit
 Planets
- Revolve counterclockwise around the
sun together with the satellite systems
except for Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune
- 2 Groups separated by the Asteroid
Belt:
 Inner / Terrestrial Planets
 Outer / Jovian (Jupiter-Like) Planets
 Inner Planets
- Small and composed primarily of
rock and iron, and have compact
and rocky surfaces
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
 Outer / Jovian
Planets
- Much larger and have gaseous
nature consists mainly of
hydrogen, helium, ice
 Jupiter
 Saturn
 Uranus
 Neptune
http://www.webtoons.com/en/comedy/safely-endangered/ep-
13/viewer?title_no=352&episode_no=13
 Dwarf Planets
- A celestial body that:
a. is in orbit around the Sun
b.has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to
overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes
a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round)
shape
c.has not cleared the neighbor around its
orbit
d. is not a satellite
Dwarf Planets
 Pluto
 Ceres
 Eris
 Makemake
 Other Objects
Asteroids
- Celestial bodies of various Meteors
- Inner and outer regions of the
sizes that move in orbit Solar System
primarily between Mars and - Shooting stars
Jupiter
- smallest bodies in the Solar
System that can be observed by
the naked eye

Comets
- Ball of ice and rock that
orbits the Sun
- - comes from the outer
fringes of the Solar System
 Resources:
The New Solar System. Nexlight
Corporation. Philippine Copyright
2015

Science: A Closer Look. The McGnaw-

Hill Companies Inc. Phoenix
Publishing House. 2011. pp 318 -
344
 Let’s Find Out:
How did the Universe form?
Library Work:
Look for a folklore / story / essay
that discusses how the Universe
started