Tracking the sky… helping the

country”
 The nation’s
meteorological-
Philippine hydrological service
provider
Atmospheric,
Geophysical and
Astronomical
Services
Administration
The Philippines, through the PAGASA, is a Member
of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), a
specialized body of the United Nations
THUNDERSTORMS
MONSOONS
COLD FRONTS

INTERTROPICAL
CONVERGENCE ZONE
(ITCZ)

TROPICALCYCLONES
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED
WITH THUNDERSTORM:
LIGHTNING (AND THUNDER)

HEAVY RAINFALL (Causes of FLASHFLOODING)

TORNADO

HAIL (Ice Pellets )

CUMULUS HUMILIS CUMULUS CONGESTUS
 Cumulonimbus cloud
(calvus)
ICE CRYSTALS

CUMULONIMBUS is composed of water droplets at the lower levels and ice crystals at
higher levels (where the temperatures are below “O” degrees Celsius).

 These cloud types produce uncomfortable weather conditions; heavy rains, hail, lightning,
thunder, winds, and even tornadoes.

 The strong winds at higher altitudes produce an anvil-shape at the top of cumulonimbus
clouds.
Cumulonimbus capillatus
 MATURE STAGE
* Most likely time for hail,
heavy rain, frequent
lightning, strong winds, and
tornadoes.
* Storm occasionally has a
black or dark green
appearance.
* Lasts an average of 10 to 20 Downdrafts

minutes but may last much

longer in some storms. Updrafts
 DOST

PAGASA
Forked Lightning Sheet Lightning Ball Lightning
Crooked lightning Clouds, rain blocks On rare occasions,
bolts discharge from forked lightning bolt, small glowing balls
cloud to ground or but flash illuminates loops from the cloud,
cloud to air clouds. but quickly vanish. DOST

PAGASA
 DOST

PAGASA
How to prevent the damages due
to LIGHTNING?

 Get out of the water

 Avoid the solitary tree or the tallest
object in the area. Lightning tends
to strike tall objects..
 When you feel the electrical charge-
if your hair stands on end or your
skin tingles-lightning may be about
to strike you. Drop to the ground
immediately.
Lightning Safety Rules Indoors
 Unplug appliances not necessary for obtaining
weather information.

 Avoid using the telephone or any electrical

appliances. Use phones ONLY in an emergency.

 Do not take a bath or shower during a

thunderstorm.

 Turn off air conditioners. Power surges from

lightning can cause serious damage.
 If Caught Outdoors and No Shelter Is
Nearby
 Find a low spot away from trees, fences, and poles.
 Make sure the place you pick is not subject to
flooding.
 If you are in the woods, take shelter under the
shorter trees.
 If you feel your skin tingle or your hair stand on
end, squat low to the ground on the balls of your
feet. Place your hands over your ears and your
head between your knees.
 Make yourself the smallest target possible and
minimize your
contact with the ground. DO NOT LIE DOWN.
 If you are boating or swimming, get to land and find
shelter immediately!
 Lightning Safety Rule
- Go indoors if, after seeing lightning,
you can count to 30 before hearing
thunder. Stay indoors for 30 minutes
after hearing the last clap of thunder.

- Remember, if you can hear thunder you

are close enough to be struck by
lightning!
IF THERE IS NO SHELTER AND YOU ARE
CAUGHT IN A THUNDERSTORM . . .

DOST

PAGASA
Tornadoes can form out of many kinds of
storms, but the type most likely to
produce tornadoes is the supercell. A
supercell has an area of rotation within
the storm called a mesocyclone that can
spawn a tornado. The storm itself can
rotate when winds at different levels of
the atmosphere come from different
directions. If the winds are lined up just
right, with just enough strength, the
storm turns like a top. Air circulations
within the storm combined with a strong
updraft contribute to tornado
formation.
MAMMATUS CLOUD
– precursory signs
of an impending
tornado
 TORNADO

 Which comes from the

Spanish word “tronada”
means thunderstorm
 Intense rotating column of
air of small horizontal
extent which appears as an
extention of dark, heavy
thunderstorm
(cumulonimbus) clouds
system in the familiar
funnel shape.
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED
WITH The tornado is nature's most violent
THUNDERSTORMS: wind. These vortices spin up beneath
thunderstorms year round and can
generate wind speeds near 500 KPH,
at times devastating whole
TORNADO communities.

Tornado
Whirling winds from
the base of the cloud
to the ground that
forms dark funnel-
shaped tube with
very low
atmospheric
pressure.
Waterspout
Originates over
water.
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THUNDERSTORMS:

TORNADO
Convection Caps
often aid tornado
development

How Large Scale

Weather Systems
form Convective
Caps
STRONG WINDS AT SINALAYAN AND
PACANGAN, VALENCIA CITY,
BUKIDNON
LAST AUGUST 09, 2010
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED
WITH THUNDERSTORMS:
TORNADO
SAMPLE PICTURES OF
DAMAGES DUE TO
TORNADOES
Hailstones are formed when a
small ice pellet remains for a
sufficient time in a region of the
thunderstorm where there exists
supercooled water.

Is usually common during

summertime thunderstorm in the
Philippines but is seldom of
sufficient size to be destructive.
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED
WITH THUNDERSTORMS:
HAIL (CHUNKS
OF ICE FROM
THE SKY)
MONSOONS
 Locally known as “HABAGAT”;
affects the country from June to
September

 Characterized by heavy rainfall that

may last for a week.

 Brings rainy season to the western

portion of the country.
SOUTHWEST
MONSOON
(HABAGAT)
N

W E

S
 B. NORTHEAST MONSOON
 Locally known as “Amihan”, affects the
eastern portions of the country from
October up to late March

 Starts over Siberia as a cold, dry air mass but

gathers moisture as it travels across the
Pacific Ocean before reaching the Eastern
Sections of the Philippines

 Characterized by widespread cloudiness with

rains and showers
NORTHEAST
MONSOON
(AMIHAN)

W E

S
 COLD FRONT
(Tail-end of the cold
front)
 COLD FRONT
(Tail-end of the cold front)
Boundary layer between the cold air
and the warm air.
The warmer air tends to rise and
cold air tends to go down because it
is denser.
The region where it meets is the
“FRONT”
COLD FRONT

ALONG THE FRONT,

CLOUDS DEVELOP
BRINGING HEAVY RAINS

COLD AIR

WARM AIR
2. COLD FRONT

WARM AIR

Animated Satellite Picture of a Cold Front Affecting

the Northern Part of the Philippines
 INTERTROPICAL
CONVERGENCE ZONE
(ITCZ)
 Intertropical convergence zone
(itcz)
N.H. trades and S.H trades meet
Occurs during the month of May to October
On the average the ITCZ is located 5 degrees South
in January and 15 degrees North in July and the
annual mean of position is at 5 deg. North
Breeding grounds for tropical cyclone (BAGYO)
Found south of the Philippines during the cold
months of the year and as summer approaches it
gradually shifts Northward
Northward most position in July or August
Consisting of widespread cloudiness, precipitation
and moderate to strong surface winds.
The easterly trade
winds of both
hemispheres converge
at an area near the
equator called the
"Intertropical
Convergence Zone
(ITCZ)", producing a
narrow band of clouds
and thunderstorms
that encircle portions
of the globe.
L TC
L

DOST

PAGASA
It is used to describe a huge violent
whirlwind that occurs in many parts of the
world.
Every year , 80 cyclones form around the
world;
58 cyclones form in the northern
hemisphere and
22 cyclones in the southern hemisphere
 TROPICAL CYCLONES HAVE BEEN GIVEN
LOCAL NAMES ACCORDING TO THE
REGION
North Atlantic, Eastern North Pacific and South Pacific
Ocean are called “HURRICANES “

Bay of Bengal , Arabian Sea and Western South Indian

Ocean, the name is “CYCLONIC”

Eastern part of the Southern Indian Ocean it is

“WILLY-WILLY”

Western North Pacific Ocean are called

“TYPHOONS”
 EYE

Intense weather disturbance with very low

pressure and strong wind circulation blowing in
a counter-clockwise direction toward the center
called the “EYE”.
Cross-Section of a Tropical Cyclone
 Longitude
110 E 120E 130E 140E 150E 160E

21N

PACIFIC OCEAN
REGION OF 13N
FORMATION

9N

Latitude

Most tropical cyclones that affect the

Philippines originate in the PACIFIC OCEAN.
 CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL
CYCLONES IN THE PHILIPPINES

TROPICAL DEPRESSION
Maximum winds near the center
of between 35 KPH and 63 KPH
TROPICAL STORM
Maximum winds near the center of between
64 KPH and 117 KPH
TYPHOON
Maximum winds near the center
is 118 KPH and higher
 Modified Classification of
Trop. Cyclone
TD Dagul

a. TROPICAL DEPRESSION
Maximum winds near the center
of between 35 and 63 KPH
b. TROPICAL STORM
Maximum winds near the center of
between 64 KPH and 118 KPH
TS Nanang
TY Florita

c. TYPHOON
Maximum winds near the center
exceed 118 KPH
Satellite Picture of Typhoon Feria DOST

PAGASA
FIJUWARA EFFECT DOST

PAGASA
 P A R LINE

P
A
R
L

TY PARMA
I
N
E
TY MELOR
(Pepeng) (Quedan)
P
A
R
L
I
N
E

P A R LINE
 PUBLIC STORM
WARNING SIGNALS
PSW #1 - a tropical cyclone will affect the locality
winds 30-60 kph may be expected in at least 36 hours

PSW #2 - a MODERATE tropical cyclone will affect the locality

winds 61 to 100 kph may be expected in at least 24 hrs

PSW #3 – a STRONG tropical cyclone will affect the locality

winds 101 to 185 kph may be expected in at least 18
hrs

PSW #4 - a very INTENSE typhoon will affect the locality

winds more than 185 kph may be expected in at
least 12 hours
 DOST

PAGASA
 DOST

PAGASA
WHAT TO DO ?

Monitor the latest Severe Weather Bulletin

issued by PAGASA every six hours.
WHAT TO DO ?

Stay in safe houses or evacuation centers !!!

Philippine Area of Responsibility
PAGASA is tasked to monitor tropical cyclone occurrence in the
designated area of responsibility or the PAR.
Once a Tropical Cyclone is inside the PAR, it is given a PHILIPPINE NAME

115 E to 135 E
5 N to 25 N
 NAMES OF TROPICAL CYCLONE IN THE
PHILIPPINES
I II III IV
2001 2002 2003 2004
2005 2006 2007 2008
2009 2010 2011 2012
A AURING AGATON AMANG AMBO
B BISING BASYANG BEBENG BUTCHOY
C CRISING CALOY CHEDENG CARINA
D DANTE DOMENG DODONG DINDO
E EMONG ESTER EGAY ENTENG
F FERIA FLORITA FALCON FERDIE
G GORIO GLENDA GORING GENER
H HUANING HENRY HANNA HELEN
I ISANG INDAY INENG IGME
J JOLINA JUAN JUANING JULIAN
K KIKO KATRING KABAYAN KAREN
L LABUYO LUIS LANDO LAWIN
M MARING MILENYO MINA MARCE
N NANDO NENENG NONOY NINA
O ODETTE OMPONG ONYOK OFEL
P PEPENG PAENG PEDRING PABLO
Q QUEDAN QUEENIE QUIEL QUINTA
R RAMIL REMING RAMON ROLLY
S SANTI SENIANG SENDONG SIONY
T TINO TOMAS TISOY TONYO
U URDUJA USMAN URSULA ULYSSES
V VINTA VENUS VIRING VICKY
W WILMA WALDO WENG WARREN
Y YOLANDA YAYANG YOYOY YOYONG
Z ZORAIDA ZENY ZIGZAG ZOSIMO
 TROPICAL CYCLONE
OCCURRENCES FOR
2011
NO. TROP.CYCLONE NAMES DATE OF OCCURRENCE
CATEGORY
01 Trop. Dep. AMANG Apr. 3-4/11
02 Trop. Storm BEBENG May 6 -11/11
03 Typhoon CHEDENG May 22-28/11
04 Trop. Dep. DODONG June 9-10/11
05 Trop. Dep. EGAY June 16 -20/11
06 Trop. Storm FALCON June 21-26/11
07 Trop. Dep. GORING July 9-10/11
08 Trop. Dep. HANNA July 15-16/11
09 Trop. Dep. INENG July 17/11
10 Trop. Storm JUANING July 25 to 28/11
11 Typhoon KABAYAN July 28 to Aug. 5/11
12 Trop. Dep. LANDO July 31 to Aug. 01 /11
 TROPICAL CYCLONE
OCCURRENCES FOR
2011

NO. TROP.CYCLONE NAMES DATE OF

CATEGORY OCCURRENCE
13 Typhoon MINA Aug. 21 to 27/11
14 Trop. Storm NONOY Sept. 07 to 08/11
15 Trop. Dep. ONYOK Sept. 12 to 13/11
16 Typhoon PEDRING Sept. 25 -28/11
17 Typhoon QUIEL Sept. 29 – Oct. 2/11
18 Trop. Storm RAMON Oct.10-14 /11

19 Trop. Storm SENDONG Dec. 15 to 18 /11

 SATELLITE IMAGES
OF
T.S. SENDONG

PAGASA Track as of 2 p.m.,16 December 2011

Satellite Picture at 5 p.m., 16 December 2011
 Synoptic Stations 24 Hr. Rainfall December 16, 2011
Trop. Storm SENDONG
200.0

180.0

160.0

140.0
Rainfall(mm.)

120.0

100.0
180.9 180.2

80.0

60.0

95.0
87.7 88.9
83.2
40.0

50.3
41.8
20.0

15.1
9.3
0.0 0.0 0.6
Tropical cyclone Forecast for
2013
MONTHS FORECASTS ACTUAL
OCCURRENCES
MAY 1 or 2 1
JUNE 1 or 2 3
JULY 2 or 3
AUG 2 or 3
SEPT 2 or 3
OCT 2 or 3
NOV 2 or 3
DEC 0 or 1
CLIMATOLOGICAL TRACKS (QUARTERLY) OF TROPICAL CYCLONES ENTERING
THE PAR
MONTHLY AVERAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF
TROPICAL CYCLONES IN THE PHILIPPINE AREA OF
RESPONSIBILITY THAT MADE LANDFALL

Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

 SAMPLE
PLOTTING
TY “REMING”

Long Lat
134.5 11.3
133.1 11.9
131.5 12.2
130.1 12.6
128.6 13.0
127.3 13.2
126.4 13.3

1 deg=111.11 kms
 SAMPLE
PLOTTING
TY “REMING”

24-hour forecast position

Long Lat

12-hour forecast position

134.5 11.3
133.1 11.9
131.5 12.2
130.1 12.6
128.6 13.0
127.3 13.2
126.4 13.3
OF

DOST

PAGASA
Rainfall increases groundwater and the water levels of
dams that provide drinking water, irrigation water and
power generation. DOST

PAGASA
Rains mean water for plants.
DOST

PAGASA
Decreases the level of pollutants.
DOST

PAGASA
 8-INCH RAINGAUGE
 used to measure the
amount of Rainfall
Measuring
tube

Overflow can

Receiver

Measuring stick
KIBAWE RAINGAUGE STATION
IMPASUG-ONG RAINGAUGE STN.

LIBONA RAINGAUGE STATION MANOLO FORTICH RAINGAUGE STN.

 AUTOMATIC RAINGAUGE MONITORING

Automatic Weather Station

Flood Markers

What
Time…?
 start of flooding
 peak
 subsided
Staff gauge installation
Flood markers
 DOPPLER RADAR PROGRAM

TAMPAKAN HINATUAN
TAGAYTAY

SUBIC
VIRAC CEBU
TAGAYTAY DOPPLER
RADAR
VIRAC DOPPLER
RADAR
(OLD & PROPOSED)
APARRI DOPPLER
RADAR
(OLD & PROPOSED)
 True Filipino Traits
 Resiliency

> Faith in God

It is an 8-160 km wide dome of
water that sweeps over the coastline
during landfall of a tropical cyclone.

DOST

PAGASA
STORM SURGE
Communities with a steeper continental
will not see as much surge inundation
DOST

PAGASA
A shallow slope off the coast will allow a
greater surge to inundate coastal communities.
DOST

PAGASA
 5 cyclones
2 cyclones in 2 yrs
per year

5 cyclones
FREQUENCY OF
in 3 yrs
PASSAGE OF
TROPICAL
3 cyclones
in 2 yrs

CYCLONES BY
1 cyclone GEOGRAPHICAL
per year
ZONES IN THE
PHILIPPINES
1 cyclone
in 12 yrs

DOST

PAGASA
Science can provide
knowledge…

…We all have to provide

the solutions.
Please visit us at our Website:
http://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph
MINDANAO PAGASA REGIONAL SERVICES
DIVISION Tel No. (08822) 745-164
Davao PAGASA Station: (082) 234-0890