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Second-Order Circuits
Chapter 8
8.1 Examples of 2nd order RCL circuit
8.2 The source-free series RLC circuit
8.3 The source-free parallel RLC circuit
8.4 Step response of a series RLC circuit
8.5 Step response of a parallel RLC
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8.1 Examples of Second
Order RLC circuits (1)
What is a 2nd order circuit?
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8.2 Source-Free Series
RLC Circuits (1)
• The solution of the source-free
series RLC circuit is called as the
natural response of the circuit.
The 2nd d 2 i R di i
order of 2
0
expression
dt L dt LC
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8.2 Source-Free Series
RLC Circuits (3)
There are three possible solutions for the following
2nd order differential equation:
d 2 i R di i
2
0
dt L dt LC
d 2i di
=>
2
2a w0i 0
2
where a
R
and w0
1
dt dt 2L LC
General 2nd order Form
d 2i di
2
2a w0i 0
2
dt dt
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8.2 Source-Free Series
RLC Circuits (6)
Example 1
If R = 10 Ω, L = 5 H, and
C = 2 mF in 8.8, find α,
ω0, s1 and s2.
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8.2 Source-Free Series
RLC Circuits (7)
Example 3
The circuit shown below
has reached steady state
at t = 0-.
If the make-before-break
switch moves to position b
at t = 0, calculate i(t) for
t > 0.
t
v 1 dv
vdt C 0
R L dt
The 2nd d 2 v 1 dv 1
order of 2
v0
dt RC dt LC
expression
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8.3 Source-Free Parallel
RLC Circuits (2)
There are three possible solutions for the following
2nd order differential equation:
d 2v dv 1 1
2
2a w02v 0 where a and w0
dt dt 2RC LC
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8.3 Source-Free Parallel
RLC Circuits (4)
Example 4
Find v(t) for t>0, assuming v(0)= 5 v, i(0)=0, L=
1 H, and C = 10 mF. Consider 3 cases R = 1.923
Ω, R = 5 Ω, R = 6.25 Ω
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8.4 Step-Response Series
RLC Circuits (1)
• The step response
is obtained by the
sudden application
of a dc source.
The 2nd d 2 v R dv v vs
order of 2
expression dt L dt LC LC
The above equation has the same form as the equation for
source-free series RLC circuit. 15
8.4 Step-Response Series
RLC Circuits (2)
The solution of the equation should have two components:
the transient response vt(t) & the steady-state response vss(t):
v(t ) vt (t ) vss (t )
The transient response vt is the same as that for source-free case
vt (t ) A1e s1t A2e s2t (over-damped)
vt (t ) ( A1 A2t )e at (critically damped)
vt (t ) e at ( A1 cos wd t A2 sin wd t ) (under-damped)
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8.5 Step-Response Parallel
RLC Circuits (1)
• The step response
is obtained by the
sudden application
of a dc source.
The 2nd d 2i 1 di i Is
order of 2
expression
dt RC dt LC LC
It has the same form as the equation for source-free parallel 18
RLC circuit.
8.5 Step-Response Parallel
RLC Circuits (2)
The solution of the equation should have two components:
the transient response vt(t) & the steady-state response vss(t):
i(t ) it (t ) iss (t )
The transient response it is the same as that for source-free case
it (t ) A1e s1t A2e s2t (over-damped)
it (t ) ( A1 A2t )e at (critical damped)
it (t ) e at ( A1 cos wd t A2 sin wd t ) (under-damped)
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