CNC MACHINES

 “COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL”

 Two types of CNC machines used :
• CNC lathe
• CNC multi spindle automatic lathe
 The type of CNC machine we mostly use is CNC
lathe
Single spindle
Machines used is FANUC and SIB-men series
8 tools can be mounted
Axis of the CNC lathe
• They are mainly x and z axis
+x
• Where x is horizontal feed and z is transverse feed

-z
+z

-x

 Fanuc series
• Fanuc oi -mate( Tc )
• Fanuc oi -mate( Td)
• Fanuc oi -Td(Tsugami)
• Fanuc oi- Tf
 SIB-mens
• 828-D BASIC
Multi-spindle automatic lathe

 This CNC machines used by us is

FANUC
 There can be 27 tools mounted
 PROCESS IN CNC (SPF)
Process like Turning , drilling , boring , surface
finishing operations are done.
Tools are mounted in lathe machines to do
operation.
The tool station numbers are very important
for writing the code.
In CNC G-codes and M-codes are used to do
position and operate the tools.
 CODES IN CNC
 G-code: Information to position a tool to do the actual
work.
 M-code: control the working components that activate
and deactivate coolant flow, spindle rotation, the
direction of the spindle rotation and similar activities.
 O represent the program number.
 F represent the feed.
 S represent the spindle speed.
 T represent the tool number
 N represent the line number.
 CNC G CODE
G00 - Positioning at rapid speed; Mill and Lathe
G01 - Linear interpolation (machining a straight line); Mill and Lathe
G02 - Circular interpolation clockwise (machining arcs); Mill and
Lathe
G03 - Circular interpolation, counter clockwise; Mill and Lathe
G04 - Mill and Lathe, Dwell
G09 - Mill and Lathe, Exact stop
G10 - Setting offsets in the program; Mill and Lathe
G12 - Circular pocket milling, clockwise; Mill
G13 - Circular pocket milling, counter clockwise; Mill
G17 - X-Y plane for arc machining; Mill and Lathe with live tooling
G18 - Z-X plane for arc machining; Mill and Lathe with live tooling
G19 - Z-Y plane for arc machining; Mill and Lathe with live tooling
G20 - Inch units; Mill and Lathe
G21 - Metric units; Mill and Lathe
G27 - Reference return check; Mill and Lathe
G28 - Automatic return through reference point; Mill and Lathe
G29 - Move to location through reference point; Mill and Lathe
(slightly different for each machine)
G31 - Skip function; Mill and Lathe
G32 - Thread cutting; Lathe
G33 - Thread cutting; Mill
G40 - Cancel diameter offset; Mill. Cancel tool nose offset; Lathe
G41 - Cutter compensation left; Mill. Tool nose radius
compensation left; Lathe
G42 - Cutter compensation right; Mill. Tool nose radius
compensation right; Lathe
G43 - Tool length compensation; Mill
G44 - Tool length compensation cancel; Mill (sometimes G49)
G50 - Set coordinate system and maximum RPM; Lathe
G52 - Local coordinate system setting; Mill and Lathe
G53 - Machine coordinate system setting; Mill and Lathe
 CNC M CODE
• M00-program stop
• M01-optional stop
• M03-spindle rotation in clockwise
• M04-spindle rotation in counter-clockwise
• M05-spindle stop
• M07-coolant on
• M09-coolant off
• M10-chuck declamp
• M11-chuck clamp
• M30-program rewind or restart
 CANNED CYCLE
 A canned cycle is a way of conveniently
performing repetitive CNC machine operations
• G70-finishing cycle
• G71-rough turning cycle
• G72-rough facing cycle
• G73-pattern repeating
• G74-peck drilling
• G75-grooving/parting cycle
• G76-multiple thread cutting cycle
 ADVANCED CNC(SPF)
• Larger machining capability up to φ38.
• Optimum for heavy duty machining from large diameter bar
stock.
• TSUGAMI unique“ Double Spindle” enables heavy duty
machining and shortens the remnant length.(B0385)
• With automatic bar feed, increased production is obtained
• By this loading and unloading time is saved
• Other example is BIODER , etc.
 VERTICAL MACHINING CENTRE
In this category of machine tool, large variety of
job can be completed in a single setup.
Most of vertical machining centre have three
axis and some have facility of spindle head can
be swiveled in one or two axis.
This are required for machining of sculptured
surface
 VERTICAL MACHINING CENTRE
 The major types of VMC are
 Travelling column
 Gantry structure
 Multiple spindle
 VMC are mostly useful for tooling industry for
machining of dies and moulds