Krissabel Kristel G.

Enriquez
Discussant
1.To identify
different living
things.
2.To classify each
living thing.
3.To recognize the
importance of
classifying living
things.
 -living form that
possesses or
shows the
characteristics of
life or being alive
 Food Court
 Big Department Stores
 Specialty Clothing Stores
 Jewelry Stores
 Electronics Stores
 Shoe Stores
 Toy Stores
 Being
organized!
 The human  The elements
body
 -is the
grouping of
living
organisms
according to
similar
structures
and functions

TAXONOMY
 Aristotle grouped animals
according to the way they
moved
WHERE WHERE
THEY LIVE THEY LIVE
Remember: King Philip Came Over For
Grandma’s Soup.
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
 Modern System:
◦ Each kingdom (plant and animal) was divided
into a phylum* (division for plants)
◦ Each phylum into a smaller groups called class.
◦ Each class was divided into an order.
◦ Each order was divided into family (families).
◦ Each family was divided into a genus (plural-
genera)
◦ Each genus was divided into a species.
(scientific name)

*Note: Phyla and family were not in Linnaeus’s classification system but
were added by modern scientists.
 Developed by Carolus
Linnaeus

 Swedish Biologist 1700’s

 Two-name system

 Genus and species named

using Latin or Greek words
 LINNAEUS’ SYSTEM OF
CLASSIFICATION
Binomial Nomenclature – A naming system that
gives every living thing a TWO word name. This unique
two word name is called the SCIENTIFIC NAME.
Uses LATIN the language of scientists.
Scientific names are always written in italics
if typed or underlined if handwritten

The first word is the GENUS and is always

CAPITALIZED.
The second word is the SPECIES and is always
LOWER CASE.
1. Whether they are unicellular or multicellular
2. Whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic
3. Whether they have a cell wall or cell
membrane
4. Whether they have membrane bound
organelles
5. Whether they are autotrophic or
heterotrophic
6. Whether they reproduce sexually or asexually
7. How they tolerate heat, salt, or other
extreme conditions
 Archaea

Eubacteria Eukaryota
 Unicellular
 Prokaryotic
 Autotrophic or heterotrophic
Reproduce asexually
Extreme environments.
 thermophiles
 halophiles

Kingdom
-Archaea

Aerial view of hot spring at Yellowstone

 Unicellular
 Prokaryotic
 Autotrophic or
heterotrophic Many are common
 Organisms that reproduce infectious agents.
asexually
 The most abundant
organisms on earth. One
bacterium can give rise to
10 million in 24 hours.
 Found in almost every
habitat on earth.
Kingdom
-Eubacteria
This hot spring is flowing into the Firehole River in Yellowstone.
The colors are caused by different varieties of archaebacteria and
other microscopic life forms. Scientists can distinguish
temperatures of water by the colors present.
Domains Archaea and
Eubacteria
*prokaryotes

Nucleus
and
Organelles
 Eukaryotic
 Very diverse
 Unicellular or multicellular
 Autotrophic or heterotrophic
 Reproduce sexually or
asexually
 Kingdoms
◦ Protista
◦ Fungi
◦ Plantae
◦ Animalia
Protista Plantae
Mostly unicellular and microscopic Multicellular green plants
Autotrophic or heterotrophic Autotrophic through photosynthesis
Can be infectious agents Have a cell wall

Examples: Examples:
•Amoeba •Mosses
•Algae •Ferns
•Daphnia •Trees
•Plasmodium (causes malaria) •Flowering Plants
Fungi Animalia
Multicellular Multicellular Animals
Heterotrophic Heterotrophic
Decomposers No Cell Wall
Can be infectious agents
Examples:
Examples: •Insects
•Mushrooms •Spiders
•Athlete’s foot •Crabs
•Bread Mold •Birds
•Humans
D
O
K
M
I
A
N
I
G
N
D
S
O
M
S
 Animal Kingdom

* Food – Cannot make their own food.

* Multi-cellular organisms
* They have a nucleus (eukaryotic)
* Can move on their own.
Reproduction – Asexual and sexual

Examples – Humans, crustaceans, spiders,

insects, fish, birds, mammals, sponges,
hydras, coral, worms, etc.
 Examples of Animals

Sea horse
Sea anemone butterfly

Great
Poison White
Dart Shark
hydra frog human
 Phyla Characteristics
1.Porifera(Sponges) Simple aquatic invertebrates that
do not move about, but are
attached to rocks
2.Coelenterata Aquatic animals
Example: Hydra, Sea anemone, Jelly
fish and coral polyps
3.Platyhelminthes Parasitic or aquatic animals in
human being
Made up of flatworms such as the
planarians, flukes and tapeworms

4. Nematoda(Roundworms) Examples: hookworms, filarial

worms and threadworms
5. Annelida Segmented worms with long
cylindrical bodies
Examples:earthworms, sea worm,
leech
 Phyla Characteristics

6. Mollusca Soft unsegmented body

organisms with a soft tissue
called mantle covering the
body
Examples:snails, octupuses,
clams, squids
7. Arthropoda
-Crustacea Crabs, prawns, lobsters and
water fleas
-Insecta Ants, butterflies, beetles,
grasshoppers
-Miayrpodia Millipedes, centipedes
-Arachnida Spiders, scorpions, mites,
ticks
 Phyla Characteristics

8. Echinodermata Are the spiny-skinned

animals
Examples:starfish, sea
urchins and sea cucumber

9. Chordata Vertebrates
-Pisces Fishes which are all aquatic
Frogs, toads, newts,
-Amphibia salamander
Lizards, snakes turtles
-Reptilia All types of birds
-Aves Most advanced animals
-Mammalia Examples:rats, dogs,horses,
whales and humans
 Plant Kingdom
* Food – make their own food by photosynthesis.
*Multi-cellular
* They have a nucleus (eukaryotic)
* Cannot move on their own.
Reproduction – Sexually and asexually

Examples – rose, cactus, grass, daisy,

ferns, trees
Examples of Plant Kingdom
 PHYLA
A) Thallophyta
-no leaves, stems, or roots
-examples: algae, bacteria, fungi,
and lichens
B) Bryophyta
-embryophytes that are non-
vascular plants
-examples: mosses, hornworts, and
liverworts
C) Pteridophyta
–are vascular plants that
reproduce and disperse via
spores
-they produce neither
flowers nor seeds, they are
referred to as cryptogams
D) Spermatophyta
–are seed-producing vascular
plants
•Gymnosperms- are plants with
naked seeds, they do not bear
flowers
•Angiosperms- are flowering plants.
1.dicotyledons
2.monocotyledons
 Kingdom Fungi
* Food – do not make their own food.
Decomposers

* Unicellular and multicellular.

* Have a nucleus (eukaryotic)

* Cannot move

Reproduction – Sexual and Asexual

Examples – yeast, mushrooms, mold, mildew,
athletes foot, ringworm
 Examples of Fungi

Athletes Foot Bread mold

mushroom

Foot Fungus
yeast Bread mold
magnified
ringworm
 Kingdom Protists
* Food – Some make their own food (plantlike); others
cannot (animal-like).

* Unicellular and Multi-cellular

* They have a nucleus (eukaryotic)
* Some can move on their own.
Reproduction – Asexual & Sexual
Examples – Euglena, paramecium, amoeba,
slime mold, volvox, algae,diatoms, giant kelp
 Examples of Protists

Paramecium
Algae Amoeba

Volvox

Euglena Fission Stentor

Red algae
 PHYLA
1. Protozoa
–animal like nutrition
(heterotrophic)
-examples: Paramecium, Amoeba
2. Algae
–plant like nutrition (autotrophic)
-examples:Spirogyra,
Chlamydomonas
 KINGDOM EUBACTERIA
*Food – Some can make their own food: other
cannot.

* Unicellular organisms.
* No Nucleus (prokaryotic)
* Some move and other do not.
Reproduction – asexual
Roles: decomposers, food makers, help digest
food, clean oil spills, makes nitrogen rich
soil(helps plants grow), etc.
 Examples of Eubacteria

Anthrax

Bacteria help digest

food Strep

E. Coli

Binary Fission Blue green algae

Kingdom Archaebacteria

This hot, sulfur-rich, acidic pool in Yellowstone

National Park is home to species of Archea,
including Sulfolobus.

Some archaens live 1000’s of

miles deep in the ocean near
superheated volcanic vents.
 KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA
* Food- Some cannot make their own food; others
do.
* Unicellular organisms
* No Nucleus (prokaryotic)
* Some can move and other
cannot
Reproduction – asexual

Three main types – salt loving, heat

loving, and methane makers, harsh
environments
7 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom Species

Phylum **A scientific name is

the genus and species.

Class

Order

Family

Genus
 WHY CLASSIFY?

To know how many known species

there are in the world

To know the characteristics of

each species

To know the relationships

between species