ELECTRONIC NOSE

Presentation by:
Priyanshu Singh
B.Tech. (EN DEPT.)
 CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Components

 Sensors

 Pattern recognition

 Wireless electronic nose

 Advantages & limitations

 Applications

 Future & conclusion

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 BIOLOGICAL NOSE
 Detection and identification of odour.
 Quantifying smells are useful in gas chromatography.

 Human nose is very sensitive.

 Subject to fatigue, inconsistencies, adaptation etc.

 Smelling toxic gases may involve risk.

Fig. Conduction route diagram of animal olfactory system

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 ELECTRONIC NOSE
 Instrument intended to mimic the human sense of smell.
 Combines human sensitivity & instrument’s objective.

 Consists of:
 Sample handling system
 Sensing system
 Pattern recognition system

Fig. Schematic diagram of an electronic nose

 ELECTRONIC NOSE
 Correspondence of electronic nose with biological nose is given
below:

Biological nose Electronic nose

Lungs Pump
Mucus, Hair, Membrane Inlet Sampling System
Olfactory cells Sensors
Olfactory vesicle Data pre-processing module
Olfactory centre Pattern recognition module
Nerve Impulses Electrical signal

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 COMPONENTS
 Sample handling system :
 Generates the headspace of sample to be analyzed.
 Exposes the odorant to the sensors.

 Sensing system :
 Array of different sensors.
 Each sensor has different sensitivity to different gases.
 Produces a pattern characteristic of the odour.

Fig. Response of sensor array to different pure chemicals

ELECTRONIC NOSE SENSORS
 Conductivity Sensors:
(a) Metal Oxide Sensor
(b) Polymer Sensor
 Piezoelectric Sensors:
a) Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)
b) Surface acoustic-wave (SAW)
 MOSFET Sensors
 Optical Sensors

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SIGNAL PROCESSING & PATTERN RECOGNITION
 Main sequential steps:
 Pre-processing
 Feature extraction
 Classification and
 Decision making

 Data base of the expected odorant should be compiled.

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o Pre-processing:
 Compensates for sensor drift.
 Compress the transient response of the sensor array.
 Reduces sample to sample variations.

 Feature extraction:
 Reduce the dimensionality of the measurement space.
 Can be more readily inspected visually.
 Extract information relevant for pattern recognition.
 Performed with linear transformations.
 Nonlinear transforms.

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 Classification:
 Bayesian classifiers, Artificial Neural Network(ANN) etc are
used.
 Trained to identify the patterns that are representative of each
odour.
 Identify the odorant by comparing it with trained ones.
 Decision Making:
 Used for application specific knowledge.
 Can determine that given sample does not belong to any one in
database.

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WIRELESS ELECTRONIC NOSE
 Developed in 2010.
 Can perform remote multipoint odour monitoring.

 Signal from isolated locations can be combined and processed

at a database server.
 Data measured are delivered via ZigBee wireless network.

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Fig. ZigBee node of wireless electronic nose network.

 Sensors were designed to be particularly sensitive to different
gases.
 Temp. & humidity sensors for environmental conditions.

Name of sensors Compound to be detected

TGS3870 Carbon monoxide

TGS4161 Carbon dioxide
TGS825 Hydrogen sulfide
TGS826 Ammonia
KE-25 Oxygen
SHT15 Temp. sensor
SHT15 Humidity sensor 12

Table- Sensors used for the developed electronic nose

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
 Advantages:
 Detection of poisonous gas is possible.
 Can be done in real time for long periods.
 Cheaper than Trained human sniffers.
 Individuals vary, e-nose don’t.

 Limitations:
 Time delay between successive tests.
 Insensitivity to some species.
 According to application, e-nose has to be changed.

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 APPLICATIONS
 Environmental control (air quality, gas emission levels of
factories, chemical plant monitoring etc.).
 Medical applications (urine, skin, breathe odour analysis, ulcer
monitoring etc).
 Food industry (coffee, fermentation process, identification of
bacteria etc.).
 Defence and security industries (detecting land mines).

 Pharmaceutics, chemical industry (odour, quality control of

pharmaceutical compounds etc.).
 Semiconductor industrial process.
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 FUTURE WORK
 Research is being done on IC E-Noses.
 Improvement in sensitivity for lower levels of organisms or
smaller samples.
 Minimizing cost.

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 CONCLUSION
 Humans are not well suited for repetitive tasks.
 Electronic nose has the potential to become standard
tool for smelling.
 Researches are still going on to make electronic nose
much more compact than the present one and to make e-
nose ICs.
 The output of E-nose can be identity of odorant,
concentration of odorant, or characteristics of odorant.

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 REFERENCES
[1] T.Pogfay, N.Watthanawisuth, W.Pimpao, A.Wisitsoraat, S. Mongpraneet,
T.Lomas & M.Sangworasil: “Development of Wireless Electronic Nose for
Environment Quality Classification”, International conference 0n Electrical
Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information
technology, 19-21 May, 2010
[2] S.H. Saeed, Z. Abbas, B. Gopal: “Experimental use of electronic nose for
analysis of volatile organic compound”, Multimedia, Signal Processing and
Communication Technologies, 2009. IMPACT '09, 14-16 March 2009
[3]Nagle H T, Gutierrez-Osuna R, Schiffman: “The how and why of electronic
nose”, IEEE Spectrum, Sep 1998
[4] Lars J. Kangas, Lars H. Liden, Sherif Hashem, Richard T. Kouzes:
“Electronic noses & their applications”, IEEE
Technical Applications Conference and Workshops, 1995
[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_nose 17
THANK YOU

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