IAMS-IIP Internship Report

“Determination of the biphoton coherence time generated

from parametric down conversion using Franson
interferometer”

By-Abhilash
Kumar Jha.
 SPONTANEOUS PARAMETRIC DOWN
CONVERSION (SPDC)
SPDC (CLASSICAL CASE)
• Classical non-linear optics “does not allow”
spontaneous parametric down-conversion to exist.
• Manly Row Equation including phase matching
conditions in classical non-linear Optics can be
written as:-
• we can clearly see that if there is no initial incident
power at frequency 𝜔1, i.e. if 𝐴1(0) = 0, then the
signal and the idler beams would not exist and
SPDC would not be possible.

• SPDC can only be described quantum mechanically.

The interaction Hamiltonian for SPDC is given by:-
Writing the Schrödinger equation in time and look
for the state:

We can make a Taylor expansion of the exponential

Hamiltonian up to the first order and find that:-

For SPDC, we can only include first and second order

term giving:-
• Entanglement between generated photons pairs.

Graph representing the two outcoming cones of

SPDC for a type II crystal
(https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1809/1809.0012
7.pdf )
 Hong- Ou Mandel Interference(Hong, ou
and Mandel, 1987)
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
When a photon enters a beam splitter (BS), there are
two possibilities: it will either be transmitted or
reflected.
• Consider two photons, one in each input mode of a
50:50 BS. There are four possibilities for the
photons to behave.

• The state of the system after interference is given

by a superposition of all possibilities for the
photons to pass through the BS:
• Where does the minus sign come from?
Reflection from the bottom side of the beam
splitter introduces a relative phase shift of π,
corresponding to a factor of −1 in the associated
term in the superposition.
• If Photons are indistinguishable, the second and
third terms cancels out.
• The photons will always exit the same (but random)
output port!
• Experimental Setup

(C.K. Hong, Z.Y. Ou, L. Mandel: Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2044
(1987))
• Photon source: Parametric down-conversion Type I
(ω0 = ω1 + ω2)
Indistinguishability of photons:
 Photon source ensures same polarization
 Pass bands of interference filters (IF) ensure (at
most) same frequency
 BS is displaced (by ±cδτ) from symmetry position to
ensure same time of arrival

Measurement of simultaneous detections N

depending on BS displacement δτ
• Width of dip is connected to photon wave packet
length.
GENERATING PATH ENTANGLED STATE
USING FRANSON INTERFEROMETER
• After Post-Selection, Photo-coincidence Rate is
given by,

Where,
Λ[x]=1-|x| for |x|<1, otherwise 0.

• We can see Oscillating term in coincidence count of

photons.
• π/Ωf is biphoton coherence time.
GRAPHS AND DISCUSSION
• Figure A show the histogram-
m of coincidence count after
Triggering signal.
(doi:10.1038/nature09662)

(A)
• Figure B depicts the typical
Interference envelope which
Is observed in Franson interfero-
-Meter.
(PHYSICAL REVIEW A 73, 031801
(R )(2006))

(B)
(doi:10.1038/nature09662)
OUR EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
INITIAL
FINAL
RESULTS