ABOUT MOSKUT

EMPLOYMENT

AGRICULTURE

INCOME

GOVERNANCE

FINANCE

SHOCKS & COPING

EDUCATION

CLIMATE CHANGE

HEALTH SERVICES

KEY FINDINGS

CONCLUSION
 • Agriculture is the main occupation with around 57% of total population engaged in agriculture as
T MOSKUT primary occupation.
PLOYMENT
• All the HHs cultivate during Kharif season but Rabi and Zaid season see very little cultivation due
RICULTURE to lack of irrigation.
INCOME
• 8.7% of HHs are landless and earn their livelihood mostly through agricultural labour. They also
VERNANCE engage in agriculture on share cropping basis.
FINANCE
• Employment diversity index in terms of Simpson’s Index (λ) is 0.63 and Januszewski Index is 0.60
& COPING reflects the fact that large population is involved in agriculture.
DUCATION
Primary Occupation % Population Simpson’ Index λ 1/λ Januszewski Index J
TE CHANGE
Self Employed Agriculture 55
H SERVICES Household Work 17
Casual Labour 12
0.65 2.85 0.54
Y FINDINGS Agricultural Labour 8 (Max being 6)
ONCLUSION Salaried Employees 6
Self Employed (Non-Agriculture) 3
 T MOSKUT

PLOYMENT

RICULTURE
AGE
INCOME

VERNANCE EMPLOYMENT ACTIVITY <25 Years 26-35 Years 36-50 Years >50 Years

FINANCE MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE

& COPING Self Employed Agriculture 33.3% 10.0% 31.1% 48.8% 73.5% 73.7% 84.8% 48.9%
DUCATION
Casual Labour 54.2% 0.0% 37.7% 0.0% 8.2% 1.8% 0.0% 0.0%
TE CHANGE
Agricultural Labour 8.3% 5.0% 18.0% 11.6% 2.0% 1.8% 6.5% 6.4%
H SERVICES
Salaried Employees 4.2% 5.0% 6.6% 4.7% 12.2% 7.0% 6.5% 2.1%

House Hold Work 0.0% 80.0% 0.0% 27.9% 2.0% 15.8% 0.0% 42.6%
Y FINDINGS

ONCLUSION Self Employed (Non- Agriculture) 0.0% 0.0% 6.6% 7.0% 4.1% 3.5% 2.2% 0.0%
 T MOSKUT • MGNREGS plays an important role in generating employment during the months of December-
February with 80% of population participating in it.
PLOYMENT

RICULTURE
• Seasonal migration happens to Surat, Ankaleshwar to cater to the industries as casual labour specially
the diamond industry.
INCOME
• Seasonal migration also caters to the need of agricultural labour to the relatively developed regions
VERNANCE
of Surat, Navsari
FINANCE
• Lack of complimentary source of earning livelihood leads to seasonal migration during Rabi and Zaid
& COPING
seasons. Around 50% population migrates during these seasons.
DUCATION
• Tribal belt of Narmada is considered to be source of cheap labour fuelling the industrial development
TE CHANGE in the surrounding region .
H SERVICES Labour Wage Rates

Y FINDINGS

ONCLUSION
Agricultural Labour Agricultural Labour Casual Labour MGNREGS
within Village in Surat, Navsari in Factories
 Land Ownership Pattern
T MOSKUT • 88.1% of total households own agricultural land with
average land holding for a household being 2.07 acres.
PLOYMENT

RICULTURE • 77.1% of total households are categorized as small and

marginal farmers.
INCOME
12%
VERNANCE • 13.2% of total cultivable land is under irrigation, limiting 1%
cultivation predominantly to Kharif season. 10%
FINANCE
45%
& COPING • Majority of farmers practice traditional farming with no use
of mechanized equipment.
DUCATION

TE CHANGE
• Use of chemical fertilizer is minimum and very few farmers 32%
use chemical pesticides.
H SERVICES
• Share of agricultural income is on the low due to low
productivity.
Y FINDINGS
• Paddy output per acre for all 21 HHs is less than the national Marginal (0-2 Acres) Small (2-4 Acres)
ONCLUSION Medium (4-10 Acres) Large (>10)
average of 9.72 quintal per acre with maximum being 7
quintal per acre. Landless
 • Major crops during Kharif includes Paddy, Cotton, Maize and Tur. Paddy is cultivated on 70% of total
T MOSKUT cultivated land in the season.
PLOYMENT
• Share of Paddy cultivation indicates dependence on agriculture for food-security which limits the
RICULTURE commercialization potential.
INCOME
• Rabi season has low utilization of the cultivable land with 15.6% of total land under cultivation. Zaid
VERNANCE season utilization drops to only 8% of total cultivable land.
FINANCE
• Remoteness of the village affects the exposure to extension service as well market linkages.
& COPING
• Absence of co-operative dairy has led to the decline in the number of milk cattle over the years.
DUCATION

TE CHANGE • Majority of HHs own bullocks for farm work as they practice traditional techniques.

H SERVICES Simpson Index (λ) & Januszweski Index (J) for Crop Diversity in Three Seasons
Season No. of Village Household (Mode on 21 HHs)
Crops 1-λ 1/λ (Max) 1-J 1-λ 1/λ (Max) 1-J
Y FINDINGS
Kharif 6 0.479 1.918 (6) 0.520 0.750 4.000 (6) 0.500
ONCLUSION
Rabi 4 0.656 2.906 (4) 0.473 0.653 2.882 (4) 0.420
Zaid 4 0.649 2.847 (4) 0.472 0.000 1.000 (4) 0.000
 • Government Primary (1st to 4th ) and Secondary (5th to 8th) schools are situated within the village and have two
T MOSKUT individual buildings. For Higher Secondary levels students have to travel to nearby villages.
PLOYMENT
• All the students receive 100% fee concession education with annual scholarship of ₹800 by direct bank transfer.
RICULTURE School provides meals to all the students under the mid-day meal programme.
INCOME
• Teachers are often asked to teach subjects they are not proficient in, which affects the quality of education.
VERNANCE
• Village also has an Anganwadi to cater to the nutritional and educational needs of children under the age of 6
FINANCE
years.
& COPING

DUCATION Structure and Facilities Primary School Building Secondary School Building
TE CHANGE Number of Male Students 60 42

H SERVICES
Number Female Students 62 35
Number of Teachers 4 4
Student-Teacher Ratio 31 students per Teacher 19 students per Teacher
Y FINDINGS
Number of Classrooms 4 4
ONCLUSION
Availability of Water and Sanitation Yes Yes
ABOUT MOSKUT • The School dropout rate is very low with less 1% of students dropping out of the school every year.

EMPLOYMENT • However school drop out rate goes up after secondary school level due to accessibility of higher secondary
AGRICULTURE schools incur cost (commutation expenses).

INCOME • Language poses a problem as students are comfortable in local dialect and not Gujarati.
GOVERNANCE
• Around 60% of the total children in the village attend schools outside village (Residential schools) as they
FINANCE believe the quality of education in the village is not up to the mark.
HOCKS & COPING
• SMCs hold very little power in the decision making process and act more of a supervisory body.
EDUCATION
Primary School Secondary School Future of Students from School
CLIMATE CHANGE 70
60
HEALTH SERVICES 50
40
30
20
KEY FINDINGS 10
0
Cannot Recognize Numbers Can Recognize Numbers
% Student passed out % Students passed out % Student Passed
CONCLUSION 10th grade 12th grade Enrolled in University
Can Do Subtraction Can Do Division
2013 2018
 • Malnutrition poses a threat to children especially below the age of 6 years

ABOUT MOSKUT
Stunted /
EMPLOYMENT Underweight
Severely Stunted / < -2 S.D
AGRICULTURE Severely Underweight

INCOME < -3 S.D

GOVERNANCE

FINANCE

SHOCKS & COPING

EDUCATION Data for children with less than 5 years of age

CLIMATE CHANGE Type % with Z score < -3 S. D % with Z score < -2 S. D Mean Z score
Moskut Rural India* Moskut Rural India Moskut
HEALTH SERVICES
Weight for Age 18.6 - 45.8 38.3 -2.02

KEY FINDINGS Height for Age 11.9 - 44.1 41.2 -1.33

CONCLUSION
Weight for Height 9.6 7.4 28.8 21.5 -1.45
*As per National Family Health Survey -4
 • Total Number-3 • Total Number-3
ABOUT MOSKUT
• Interest rate-8% • Interest rate-10%
EMPLOYMENT
FORMAL
AGRICULTURE NBFI
BANKS
INCOME

GOVERNANCE
PRIVATE
FINANCE MFIs
LENDER
SHOCKS & COPING

EDUCATION • Total Number-5 • Total Number-2

• Interest rate-10% • Interest rate-3%
CLIMATE CHANGE

HEALTH SERVICES
• All the HHs in the village have been linked to formal banking through bank accounts and post saving
accounts.
KEY FINDINGS
• Borrowing for agricultural activities is very limited and most farmers use their savings to buy agricultural
CONCLUSION inputs.

• Private lenders and mortgage borrowing from jewellers are preferred for small loan amounts (< ₹50,000).
 ABOUT MOSKUT
• Problems with financial inclusion are three fold
10%
EMPLOYMENT
• Access to formal banking system is tedious and costly due
AGRICULTURE
to remoteness of village.
INCOME 20% 40%

• Formal banks take a lot of time as compared to the LOANS

GOVERNANCE
informal credit sources to process the loan and disburse &
FINANCE
money CREDIT
SHOCKS & COPING
• Formal banks demand land RoRs for loan approval which is 30%
EDUCATION
usually co-owned by various members.
CLIMATE CHANGE
NBFI PRIVATE LENDER FORMAL BANK MFIs
HEALTH SERVICES • No other source of security to access formal bank credit

KEY FINDINGS ACCESSIBILTY PROCESSING TIME SECURITY

CONCLUSION
 ABOUT MOSKUT • Share of agriculture to total income is very low due to low productivity of agriculture although
57% of total population practice agriculture as primary occupation.
EMPLOYMENT

AGRICULTURE • Out of surveyed 18 HHs which were involved in cultivation, only 7 HHs were able to sell
agricultural produce left after home consumption.
INCOME

GOVERNANCE • Agricultural and casual labour contribute more than self employed agriculture earnings for
FINANCE most of the HHs.
SHOCKS & COPING
• Only two out of all the surveyed HHs have maximum share of income coming from agriculture.
EDUCATION
• 4 out of top 5 highest earning HHs among the surveyed 21 HHs have salaried income.
CLIMATE CHANGE
Top 5 HHs when Ranked in Order of Total Income
HEALTH SERVICES

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

KEY FINDINGS

CONCLUSION Primary Income from Salaried Job Primary Income from Agriculture
 ABOUT MOSKUT • MNREGS plays an important role in helping diversify the income for the HHs.
EMPLOYMENT
• MNREGS pays ₹192 per day for complete day’s work. On an average individual earns ₹160 per
AGRICULTURE day.
INCOME
• 4 out 5 HHs with most diverse income participate in MGNREGS. Only 1 out of 5 HHs with least
GOVERNANCE diverse income participate in MGNREGS.
FINANCE

SHOCKS & COPING Ranked in Order of Diversity of Income (Simpson’s Index)

EDUCATION

CLIMATE CHANGE 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

HEALTH SERVICES

KEY FINDINGS 20th

17th 18th 19th 21st
CONCLUSION
Participate in MGNREGS Do not Participate in MGNREGS
 ABOUT MOSKUT • Food forms 21% of total consumption for the surveyed 21 HHs
EMPLOYMENT
• Non- food consumption has major contribution from monthly non-food expenses, education
AGRICULTURE and expenditure on social functions.
INCOME
Annual Consumption
GOVERNANCE

FINANCE
6%
SHOCKS & COPING 7%

EDUCATION 20%
13%
CLIMATE CHANGE 79%

HEALTH SERVICES 5% 30%

8%

11%
KEY FINDINGS

CONCLUSION
Home Food Purchased Food Medical Education Clothing Social Functions Monthly Expenses Others
 ABOUT MOSKUT

EMPLOYMENT

AGRICULTURE

INCOME

GOVERNANCE

FINANCE

SHOCKS & COPING

EDUCATION Education as % of Total Consumption

Purchased Food as % of Total Consumption Medical as % of Total Consumption
CLIMATE CHANGE

HEALTH SERVICES 9% 27% 4%

KEY FINDINGS

CONCLUSION 20% 7% 10%

 ABOUT MOSKUT • Food forms 21% of total consumption for the surveyed 21 HHs
EMPLOYMENT
• Non- food consumption has major contribution from monthly non-food expenses, education
AGRICULTURE and expenditure on social functions.
INCOME

GOVERNANCE

FINANCE

SHOCKS & COPING

EDUCATION

CLIMATE CHANGE

HEALTH SERVICES

KEY FINDINGS

CONCLUSION
INCOME & CONSUMPTION
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
 Children between 6 to 18 years of age for 21 HHs

Weight for Age

Height for Age

BMI for Age

< - 2 S.D as per Indian Academy of Paediatrics (IAP) Growth Charts 2015