Beam detailing

Section 8
SP : (S & T)-1987
CONTENTS
General requirements
• The bars shall be symmetrically placed about the vertical centre line
of the beams.

Reinforcement bars

Vertical centre line

• Where there are only two bars in a row, these shall be placed at the
outer edges.

Reinforcement bars at outer edges

• Where bars of different diameter are placed in a single bottom row,

the larger diameter bars are placed on the outer side.

larger bars on outer side

Smaller bars
• Where bars in different horizontal rows have different diameter, the
larger diameter bars shall be placed in the bottom row.

larger bars in bottom row

Longitudinal Reinforcement
• the horizontal distance between two parallel bars shall be usually not
less than the following:
1. diameter of the bar, if the diameters are equal.
2. diameter of the larger bar, if the diameters are unequal.
3. 5 mm more than the nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate.

Min Spacing (s) : (Ø or ha+5mm) ha=nominal max size of aggregate

Ø=dia of bar
s
• when needle vibrators are employed, the horizontal distance between
bars of a group may be reduced to two-thirds of the nominal
maximum size of aggregate, provided vibrator can be used without
difficulty.

Min Spacing (s) : 2/3ha when needle vibrators are used

s
• Where there are two or more rows of bars, the bars shall be vertically
in line and the minimum vertical distance between bars shall be 15
mm or two-thirds the nominal maximum size of aggregate or the
maximum size of the bar, whichever is the greatest.

Min vertical Spacing : max (2/3ha , Ø , 15mm)

Tension Reinforcement
• Minimum reinforcement :
As min= 0.85 bd/fy
Where, As min = minimum tension reinforcement area
b = breadth of beam or breath of web of flanged beam
d = effective depth
fy = characteristic strength of reinforcement
• Maximum reinforcement: the maximum area of reinforcement in
tension should not be more than 0.04 bD.
where, b = width of beam rib or web
D = total depth of beam
• maximum spacing(s) bars in tension: unless calculations of crack
width suggests greater spacing is acceptable, maximum clear distance
between bars in tension should not exceed the values given in the
table below
b fy % Redistribution to and from section considered
-30 -15 0 +15 +30
Clear distance between bars
D N/mm2 mm mm mm mm mm
250 215 260 300 300 300
415 125 155 180 210 235
smax 500 105 130 150 175 195
 Compression Reinforcement
• The maximum area of compression reinforcement shall not exceed
0.04 bD.
• Compression reinforcement shall be enclosed by stirrups for effective
restraint.
• The anchorage length of straight bars in compression shall be equal to
Support
the development length of bars in compression. Support
Load
Compression Reinforcement

d
D

Tension Reinforcement
 Side Face Reinforcement
• Where the depth of the web in a beam exceeds 750 mm side face
reinforcement shall be provided along the two faces.
• The total area of such reinforcement shall be not less than 0.1
percent of the web area and shall be distributed equally on two faces
at a spacing not exceeding 300 mm or web thickness whichever is
less. b

≯min(300 D>750mm
mm,b)
Side face reinforcement with minimum of
≯min(300 0.1% of web area distributed equally on
mm,b) both faces
Shear Reinforcement
• A stirrup in the reinforced concrete beam shall pass around or be
otherwise adequately secured to the outer most tension and
compression reinforcement, and such stirrups should have both its
ends anchored properly.

stirrups
Different ways of Anchoring Ends of Stirrups

8Ø

Ø
450
 4Ø
4Ø
DIFFERENT SHAPES OF STIRRUPS
weld

Ø weld
 Bent-up Bars
• Tensile reinforcement which is inclined and carried through the depth
of beam can also be considered to act as shear reinforcement
provided it is anchored.
• It is usual practice to combine bent up bars and vertical stirrups to
resist the shear since some of the longitudinal bars are bent up when
they are no longer required at the bottom
Ld

45
0 d/2

d/2

Support
 Maximum spacing (s) of shear reinforcement
• The maximum spacing of shear reinforcement measured along the
axis of the member shall not exceed 0.75 d for vertical stirrups and d
for inclined stirrups at 450.
• In no case shall it exceed 450 mm.

s≯0.75d Where,
d=effective depth
Use of Multi-legged Stirrups
• Multi-legged stirrups are required from the consideration of shear
stresses in the beam, or where restraint against the buckling of bars
in compression is needed.
• The rules for stirrups reinforcing steel in compression are the same as
those for columns.
• The vertical stirrups may he provided as two-legged stirrups, four
legged stirrups or six legged stirrups at the same section according to
actual requirements.
• Open type stirrups may be used for beam-slab construction where
the width of rib is more than 450 mm.
Links should not overlap
 slab

Open
type
stirrups

beam

b>450mm