10:03:57 PM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

Ideology, Nation and Nationalism

10:03:57 PM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

 What is an Ideology?
• A subjective phenomenon
• Science of ideas and ideals
• A set of proposals about human nature and
society
• An interpretation of the past, explanation of
the present and a vision for the future
• Not consistent but dynamic phenomenon.
• Two ideological states in the world
I:- Pakistan II:-Israel
10:03:57 PM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar
 Emergence of an ideology

• A phenomenon to achieve some

particular objectives
• Always emerges in crisis.
• Emerges amongst the exploited and
dissatisfied groups of society.
• Oppressed, rejected and mistreated
people lead to emergence of
ideologies.

10:03:57 PM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

 Importance of An Ideology
 Works as a lynch pin among
revolutionaries
 A cementing force
 Provides a line of action
 A pre-requisite for establishment of a new
social system

10:03:57 PM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

 What is a Nation?

 A European concept
 University students from various localities
were called nation
 Workers of a country working in
European countries were called nation

10:03:57 PM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

 Nationalism

It is a sentiment, a consciousness, a
sympathy, which binds a group of people
together.
It is the desire of a group of individuals,
who are already united by certain ties, to
live together and, if, necessary, to die
together.

10:03:57 PM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

  It is just a state of mind
 It is not a logic, it is intuition
 It is not a thought process approved by the
laws of reasoning.
 It is a conviction born of insight
 It is a vision, an awareness
 People die for their faith, they rarely die in
defense of reason

10:03:57 PM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

 Nature and Composition of
Nationalism

A study of modern nationalism points to thirteen

conditions or beliefs, which seem to make up
its creed.
1. Common group feeling
2. Love for fellow nationals
3. Common hostility to other like groups
4. A common territory possessed or created by
a Nation.

10:03:57 PM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

 5. Existence of a common sovereign
government or the desire for it
6. The existence of common moral, social or
economic institutions or ideas.
7. Possession of some common cultural
characteristics such as
language,customs,literature,art,music and
folklore. Culture is the most lasting
foundation of nationalism.
8. Common religion

10:03:57 PM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

 9. Common history or common origin.
10. Common character shared by the national
group. Geography, History, Religion and
culture combine to mold the contours of
nationalism
11. Common pride in national achievements and
common sorrow in National tragedies.
12. Simple devotion to the nation. “My country,
right or wrong”.
13. The hope that the nation will one day be
great

10:03:57 PM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

 Evolution of Nationalism

Four stages:-
1. Three feelings which make up the
emotional basis of Nationalism
 Oneness
 Love for fellow nationals
 Hostility to other groups

10:03:57 PM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

 2. Three factors which form its
political and social apparatus:-
 Territory
 Sovereignty
 Social ideas

10:03:57 PM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

 3. Four beliefs which constitute its
spiritual equipment:-
 Culture
 Religion
 History
 Character

10:03:57 PM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

 4. Portrays the sentiment of nationalism on
the time levels:-
 Pride in historical achievements relates
to the past.
 Devotion to the national cause
concerns the present.
 The wish to achieve greatness is a
hope of the future.

10:03:57 PM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar