NAME : VARDHAN CHANDAK

CLASS : 6

SECTION : A

ROLL : 13

SUBJECT :
1.EUCLID
2.LEONHARD EULLER
3.PYTHAGORAS
4.ARYABHATA
Euclid also known as Euclid of Alexandria, was a Greek
mathematician, often referred to as the "Father of
Geometry“. His Elements is one of the most influential
works in the history of mathematics. Euclid deduced the
principles of what is now called Euclidean geometry from a
small set of axioms. Euclid also wrote works on
perspective, conic sections, spherical geometry, number
theory and rigor. Euclid may have been a student of
Aristotle. He founded the school of mathematics at the
great university of Alexandria. He was the first to prove that
there are infinitely many prime numbers; he stated and
proved the unique factorization theorem; and he devised
Euclid's algorithm for computing gcd. He introduced the
Mersenne primes and observed that (M2+M)/2 is always
perfect (in the sense of Pythagoras) if M is Mersenne.
Among several books attributed to Euclid are The Division
of the Scale, The Optics, The Cartoptrics. Several of his
masterpieces have been lost, including works on conic
sections and other advanced geometric topics. Apparently
Desargues' Homology Theorem was proved in one of these
lost works; this is the fundamental theorem which initiated
the study of projective geometry
Euler may be the most influential mathematician who ever
lived he ranks #77 on Michael Hart's famous list of the Most
Influential Persons in History. His notations and methods in
many areas are in use to this day. Just as Archimedes
extended Euclid's geometry to marvelous heights, so Euler
took marvelous advantage of the analysis of Newton and
Leibniz. He gave the world modern trigonometry.He
invented graph theory.Euler was also a major figure in
number theory, proving that the sum of the reciprocals of
primes less than x is approx. (ln ln x). Euler was also first to
prove several interesting theorems of geometry, including
facts about the 9-point Feuerbach circle; relationships
among a triangle's altitudes, medians, and circumscribing
and inscribing circles; and an expression for a tetrahedron's
area in terms of its sides. Euler was first to explore
topology, proving theorems about the Euler characteristic.
he settled an arithmetic dispute involving 50 decimal places
of a long convergent series. Four of the most important
constant symbols in mathematics (π, e, i = √-1, and γ =
0.57721566...) were all introduced or popularized by Euler.
Place value system and zero
The place-value system, first seen in the 3rd
century Bakhshali Manuscript, was clearly in place in
his work. While he did not use a symbol for zero, the
French mathematician Georges If rah explains that
knowledge of zero was implicit in Aryabhata's place-
value system as a place holder for the powers of ten
with null coefficients

Approximation of π
Aryabhata worked on the approximation
for pi (π), and may have come to the conclusion
that π is irrational. In the second part of
the Aryabhatiyam (gaṇitapāda 10), he writes:

Trigonometry
In Ganitapada 6, Aryabhata gives the area of a
triangle as "for a triangle, the result of a
perpendicular with the half-side is the area."

Algebra
In Aryabhatiya Aryabhata provided elegant
results for the summation of series of squares
and cubes: