EXAMPLES OF

RESEARCH DESIGN
 ACTION RESEARCH
 IT FOLLOWS A CYLICAL PROCESS
 IDENTIFIES A PROBLEM AND DETERMINES A PLAN OF
ACTION
 THE INFORMATION GATHERED DURING THE
IMPLEMENTATION PHASE IS ANALYZED AND EVALUATED
 IT IS A PRAGMATIC AND SOLUTION-DRIVEN
 IT IS APPROPRIATE FOR COMMUNITY BASED
SITUATIONS
 IT REQUIRES THE RESEARCHER TO DIRECTLY RELATE
WITH HIS/HER SUBJECTS AND THE COMMUNITY
CASUAL DESIGN

 IT EXPLORES HOW A SPECIFIC CHANGE IMPACTS A

CERTAIN SITUATION
 IT EMPLOYS HYPOTHESES THAT SEEK TO STABLISH
A CAUSE-AND-EFFECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
VARIABLES
 IT SEEKS TO DETERMINE WHETHER “VARIABLE X
CAUSED Y”
DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN

 IT ANSWERS WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE AND HOW

QUESTIONS RELATED TO A PARTICULAR RESEARCH
PROBLEM.
 IT IS USED TO OBTAIN INFORMATION ABOUT THE
PRESENT SITUATION TO GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING
OF A CERTAIN PHENOMENA.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

 THE RESEARCHER CONTROLS THE FACTORS AND

VARIABLES RELATED TO A CERTAIN PHENOMENA
 IT TRIES TO CHANGE OR MANIPULATE ONE OR
SEVERAL FACTORS TO DETERMINE THE POSSIBLE
EFFECTS
EXPLORATORY DESIGN

 IT FOCUSES ON TOPICS OR PROBLEMS WHICH HAVE

HAD LITTLE OR NO STUDIES DONE ABOUT THEM
 ITS PURPOSE IS TO GAIN INFORMATION AND
INSIGHT THAT CAN BE USED FOR LATER
RESEARCHES
 IT IS OFTEN USED TO DETERMINE WHICH METHOD
OR APPROACH TO USE FOR A CERTAIN TOPIC OR
PROBLEM
COHORT DESIGN

 IT IDENTIFIES A GROUP OF PEOPLE SHARING A

COMMON CHARACTERISTICS WHO ARE THEN
STUDIED FOR A PERIOD OF TIME.
 RESEARCHER SEEKS TO IDENTIFY HOW THESE
GROUPS ARE AFFECTED BY CERTAIN FACTORS OR
CHANGES AND RELATES THE INFORMATION
GATHERED TO THE RESEARCH YOPIC OR PROBLEM.
CROSS-SECTIONAL DESIGN

 IT
LOOKS INTO A LARGE GROUP OF PEOPLE,
COMPOSED OF INDIVIDUALS WITH VARIED
CHARACTERISTICS.
 ITSEEKS TO DETERMINE HOW THESE
INDIVIDUALS ARE AFFECTED BY A CERTAIN
VARIABLE OR CHANGE AND GATHERS DATA AT
A SPECIFIC PERIOD OF TIME.