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FERMENTATION
Metabolic process
Carbohydrates alcohol + carbon dioxide
Anaerobic process
Fermentum stands for boiling
Zymology
Louis Pasteur first zymologist
Economic and Environmental advantages
Development of new machinery and processes.
2
FERMENTATION TECHNIQUES
4
SUBMERGED FERMENTATION
Substrate used for fermentation is always in liquid state
Used for a variety of purposes, mostly in industrial manufacturing.
Advantageous because of
a) The ease of sterilization.
b) Process control is easier.
6
ENZYME
FUNGAL ENZYMES
Xylanse
Pectinase
Lactasess
Celluloses
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCED ENZYMES
Rhizopus niveus
Amylo glucosidase Glucose production
A.niger
Confectionaries to prevent
Invertase S.Cervisiae crystallization of sugar,
Chocolate, High test molasses
AMYLASE
a) Alpha amylase
b) Beta amylase
c) Gamma amylase
ALPHA AMYLASES
• EC no is (E.C.3.2.1.1)
• Hydrolysis of interior alpha-1, 4-glycosidic bond
• Products like glucose and maltose
• Acts quicker then beta amylase
• Isolated from plants, fungi and bacteria
FUNGAL ALPHA AMYLASES
COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE
Starch Industry
Detergent Industry
Food industry
Textile Industry
Paper industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
5
OBJECTIVES
Production of α-amylase
Utilization of different agricultural biomass
Optimization of fermentation conditions
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Sample Collection
Isolation of Fungal Strains
Selection of Maximum α-amylase Producing Strain
Preparation of Agricultural Biomass as a Feedstock for Microorganisms
Optimization of Conditions for α- amylase Production
Enzyme Assay and Total Protein
RESULTS
FUNGAL STRAINS
500
450
400
E.A U/ml/mint
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2500
2000
E.A U/ml/mint
1500
1000
500
0
Apple Banana Potato Maiz orange
SSF ( type of substrate)
SmF
2500
2000
E.A U/ml/mint
1500
1000
500
0
Apple Banana Orange Maize Potato
SmF ( type of substrate)
OPTIMIZATION OF RESULTS
Time
Placing flasks at different time for 3 days, 4 days, 5 days and 6 days.
maximum growth 216.85 µ/ml occur on flask of 4 days
.
250
200
E.A U/ml/mint
150
100
50
3 4 5 6
Days
pH
For observing the optimal pH flasks were place on different pH 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and
8.0 for 4 days.
Maximum growths on flask were 572.77 µ/ml having pH 7.0 flask
700
600
E.A U/ml/mint
500
400
300
200
100
5 6 7 8
pH
Temperature
Placing flasks at temperature 25°C, 30°C, 35°C and 40°C for 4 days at pH 7.0
respectively.
Maximum assay of 169.81 µ/ml obtained on flask having temperature 30°C.
.
180
160
140
E.A U/ml/mint
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
25°C 30°C 35°C 40°C
Temperature
Concentration of substrate
Different concentration of substrate 0.5 %, 1.0 %, 1.5 % and 2.0 % were add.
1.0% giving maximum value 280.18 µ/ml, which means that it is the familiar
value on which high growth obtained
300
250
E.A U/ml/mint
200
150
100
50
0
0.50% 1.00% 1.50% 2.00%
Concentration of Substrate
Type of Nitrogen Source
different Nitrogen substances used.
Peptone, Yeast and both combined
Give maximum value of enzyme assay 169.81 µ/ml when both nitrogen sources
are used in combination instead of individually.
175
170
165
E.A U/ml/mint
160
155
150
145
140
135
130
500
450
400
E.A U/ml/mint
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
600
500
E.A U/ml/mint
400
300
200
100