In computing memory refers

to the physical devices used

to store programs
(sequences of instructions) or
data (e.g. program state
information) on a temporary
or permanent basis for use in
a computer or other digital
electronic device.
Main memory is divided into two parts :
Random Access memory (RAM), should
be better known as Read Write Memory
(RWM).
Read Only Memory (ROM) .
A RAM memory chip is
an integrated circuit
(IC) made of millions of
transistors and
capacitors. In the most
common form of
computer memory,
dynamic random
access memory
(DRAM), a transistor
and a capacitor are
combines to create a
memory cell, which
represents a single bit
STATIC RAM
Semi conductor memory
Uses flip flop to store each bit of memory
so does not need to be periodically
refreshed
Fast and consumes low power
Expensive and has complex structure(6
transistors) so not used for high capacity
applications
DYNAMIC RAM
Stores each bit of memory in capacitor
in an intrgrated circuit
Real capacitors leak charge so
capacitors need to be refreshed
periodically
Simple structure (1 capacitor and 1
transistor per bit) so it has very
high density
New contents cannot
be added
Used to store the
instructions of routine
type,permanent in
nature and used to
control or supervise
the hardware
PROGRAMMABLE
READ ONLY MEMORY
(PROM)
Programmed to
record the
information using a
facility PROM –
programmmer
Once the
information is
recorded it cannot
be changed
ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE
READ ONLY MEMORY
(EPROM)
Information can be erased
and chip can be
reprogrammed to record
different information using
PROM programmer
In formation is erased using
UV radiations
It is of two types- Ultra Voilet
Erasable Programmable
Read Only Memory
(UEPROM) and Electrically
Alterable Programmable
Read Only Memory
ELECTRICALLY
ERASABLE
PROGRAMMABLE
READ ONLY MEMORY
(EEPROM)
Memory is erased by
electrical signals
Provides easy means
to store temporary or
permanent
information in the
form of ROM memory
Faster and expensive
than RAM
It improves the
computer’s performance
and is less than 512 KB
Processor can use it to
store frequently
accessed data and
programs instructions
It is of two types – L1 /
primary cache(inside
microprocessor) and L2/
secondary cache(in the
mother board or near the
It supplements the
main memory. It is
permanent
memory.
Programs, data
entered into the
system,
intermediate results
and final
results
produced are
stored in the
MAGNETIC BASED
STORAGE DEVICES
Prepared using
using formatting
Data is recorded
on disk in
concentric
circular bands
called tracks.
MAGNETIC TAPE
FLOPPY DISK
HARD DISK
OPTICAL STORAGE
MEDIA
Stores large amount of
data in some formats as
much as the entire hard
disk
Reads data by focusing
a laser- generated
beam of light on light on
disc’s surface
CD- ROM discs
DVD- ROM discs
Ranking of
computer memory
devices, with
devices having
the fastest access
time at the top of
hierarchy, and me
devices with
slower access ti
but larger
capacity and
lower cost at
THANKS