PREVIOUS LESSON…

Is a specified
direction has the
shortest
DISPLACEMENT magnitude of DISTANCE

Is the rate of Is the rate of

change of change of

VELOCITY SPEED
In a linear motion is
the magnitude of
PHYSICS FORM 4
 LEARNING OUTCOME
 At the end of this lesson, student should be
able to :
# Define acceleration and deceleration
# State that a = v – u
t
# Calculate acceleration and
deceleration.
How does acceleration
relate to change of
velocity ??
 u = 0 m/s Direction of motion v = 8 m/s

1)

t = 0.08 s

u = 0 m/s
v = 5 m/s

2)

t = 0.08 s
How does acceleration
relate to change of
time ??
 u = 0 m/s Direction of motion v =10 m/s

1)

t = 0.08 s

u = 0 m/s
v = 10 m/s

2)

t = 0.14 s
We can analyses linear motion in a laboratory
using a ticker timer
A vibrating
metal strip with Vibrator connected to an alternating current (a.c.)
pin is set to power supply (12 or 6 V)
vibrate up and
down 50 times
VIBRATOR
per second

Metal strip

Trolley
Ticker tape

Each time the metal pin moves down, it As the trolley moves, it pulls the
makes a dot on the carbonised ticker tape through the ticker timer.
tape which passes underneath it
 The ticker timer can be used to determine the
following variables:
 The time interval of the motion
 The displacement of the object
 The velocity of the object
 The acceleration of the object
 The type of motion of the object
 DAILY LIFE SITUATION
Motion A

Motion B

Motion C
A
Direction of motion

 The distance between dots is increasing.

 The car is moving with increasing velocity.
 It is accelerating.
 Speeds up.
B
Direction of motion

 The distance between dots is the same.

 The car is moving with constant velocity.
 It means acceleration is zero.
C
Direction of motion

 The distance between dots is decreasing.

 The car is moving with decreasing velocity.
 It is decelerating.
 Slows down.
What is acceleration
and deceleration??
 Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity.
Acceleration = change in velocity a= v–u
time taken for the change t

 Acceleration is a vector quantity.

 The SI unit of acceleration is ms-2.
 Physically, when an object moves faster and faster it
is moving with acceleration.
 Object that moves slower and slower is moving with
deceleration.
 Deceleration can be define as the rate of decrease in
velocity.
 a positive

v positive
Direction of motion

a negative

Direction of motion v negative

a negative

v positive
Direction of motion

a positive

Direction of motion v negative

 A negative acceleration does not always
mean that an object is slowing down.

 When the velocity and acceleration are in

the same direction, the object moves faster.

 When the velocity and acceleration of the

object are in the opposite direction, its slows
down.
 EXAMPLE :
A sprinter runs from the
starting lines and achieves
a velocity of 18ms-1 in 3s.
Calculate his
acceleration??

We know that :
u = 0ms-1
v = 18ms-1
t = 3s

a = v – u = 18ms-1 - 0ms-1 = 6ms-2

t 3s
 PROBLEM TO SOLVE…

A roller coaster’s speed at the top of a hill is

10ms-1. Two seconds later, it reaches the
bottom of the hill with a speed of 26ms-1.
What is the acceleration of the roller
coaster?
 ANSWER…
Where; v = 26ms-1
u = 10ms-1
t = 2s
Acceleration = change of velocity
time taken
= final velocity,v – initial velocity,u
time taken,t
= 26ms-1 - 10ms-1
2s
= 8ms-2
At the end of a race, a bicycle is
decelerate from a velocity of 12ms-1 to a
rest position in 30 seconds. What is the
deceleration of this bicycle?
 ANSWER…
Where; v = 0ms-1
u = 12ms-1
t = 30s
Deceleration = change of velocity
time taken
= final velocity,v – initial velocity,u
time taken,t
= 0ms-1 - 12ms-1
30s
= -0.4ms-2
 LEARNING OUTCOME
 At this lesson, student are able to :
# Define acceleration and deceleration.
# State that a = v – u
t
# Calculate acceleration and
deceleration.
 COMPARISON
ACCELERATION DECELERATION
DEFINITION : the rate of change of DEFINITION : the rate of decrease in
velocity. velocity.

FORMULA : a = v – u FORMULA : a = v – u
t t
SI UNIT : ms-2 SI UNIT : ms-2

when an object moves faster and faster Object that moves slower and slower is
it is moving with acceleration. moving with deceleration.
 HOMEWORK…
Read “Analyzing Motion Graph” -
(text books; page 28)
Do review questions - (exercise
book; page 107)