Session 1

July 8-12, 2019

Management of learning
Prayer
Vocabulary / grammar
review
Poetry
Objective
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to
compare and contrast two poems published in
different periods.

Learning competency
differentiate/compare and contrast the various
21st century literary genres and the ones from
the earlier genres/periods citing their elements,
structures and traditions. (EN12Lit-Id-25)
Philippine Literature during the American
Occupation of the Philippines (1898–1940)
With English as the medium of instruction in public schools,
Filipino literary works in English were produced. In the first
decade, poetry and prose in English appeared in student
publications like the UP College Folio and The Coconut of
Manila High School. By the 1930s and 1940s, Filipino writers
in English came into their own.
Philippine Literature in the 21st
Century (2001 up to the present)
This body of literature includes
digital writings, graphic novels,
textula, hypertext, and other
emerging literary genres at present.
At 20, the poet Amador T. Daguio wrote “Man
of Earth” in 1932. According to Dr. Gemino
Abad, a well-known Filipino poet and critic,
“Man of Earth” marks a turning point in Filipino
poetry. Daguio’s poem words in English are
reinvented to establish a native idiom.
 Man of Earth
By Amador T. Daguio

I III
Pliant is the bamboo; If the wind passes by,
I am man of earth. Must I stoop, and try
They say that from the bamboo To measure fully
We had our first birth. My flexibility?
II IV
Am I of the body, I might have been the bamboo,
Or of the green leaf? But I will be a man.
Do I have to whisper Bend me then, O Lord,
My every sin and grief? Bend me if you can.
Explanation:
The lyric poem has a varied rhythm. It is composed of four stanzas, each one with five to seven
syllables.
The poem contains end rhymes.
The poem contains an allusion to a Philippine creation myth that tells that the first man and
woman came from a bamboo. The speaker is aware of his own pagan heritage.
The poem uses apostrophe. The speaker addresses a spiritual being he calls “Lord” in the last
two lines of the fourth stanza.
Textula is poetry written and read on a mobile phone.
It is popularized by the playwright Frank Rivera, who
came to be known as the “makata sa cell phone.” His
works of textula and other poems are performed in
different occasions, such as rallies, school programs,
and contests; published in newspapers; heard on
radio; and shared on social media or through text
messaging.
 A Textula
By Frank Rivera

I
Merong himala, hindi totoong wala
III
Ituro ma’y mali, alam nati’y tama
Sa ating puso’y may awit ng pag-asa
Kahit walang sagot itong panalangin
Kahit titik nito’y hindi makabisa
Hindi tumitigil ang ating paghiling.
II Ang katotohana’y lalaging totoo
Walang nagturo na tayo’y makibaka Basta maniwalang mayroong milagro.
Ngunit sulirani’y ating binabata
Kahit may pangakong laging napapako
Sa anumang init, handa ring mapaso.
Explanation:
The poem is a piece of lyric poetry. It is composed of three stanzas, and each stanza has four
lines. It has a regular meter; each line consists of twelve syllables.

The poem uses what is called in Tagalog poetry as “tugmang karaniwan,” wherein the last word
of each line has the same sound. Except the last two lines of the first stanza, the rest of the
poem uses “tugmang patinig,” wherein the last words of the lines have the same vowel sound.
Poetic Terms
Allusion – Using this literary device, the writer refers to a significant person, place, thing, or idea
in culture, history, literature, or politics briefly and indirectly.
"Mildred ran from the parlor like a native fleeing an eruption of Vesuvius."
Apostrophe – With this literary device, the writer addresses someone or something that is not
present in his work.
Death be not proud, though some have called thee
Mighty and dreadful, for, thou art not so,
For, those, whom thou think’st, thou dost overthrow,
Die not, poor death, nor yet canst thou kill me.”
End rhyme – This rhyme occurs in the last syllables of verses.
“A word is dead
When it is said,
Some say.
I say it just
Begins to live
That day.”
Lyric poetry – This traditional poetry is characterized
by its brevity, emotional intensity, and musical quality
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date.
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed.
 Let’s check
What period of Philippine history did Amador T. Daguio write the poem “Man of Earth”?

What poetry is written and read on a mobile phone?

What title has been given to Frank Rivera for popularizing textula?
Write the rhyming scheme of
Man of Earth
What figure of speech is used?
I might have been the bamboo,
But I will be a man.
Bend me then, O Lord,
Bend me if you can.
Session 2
July 8-12, 2019
Management of learning
Prayer
Vocabulary / grammar
review
Fiction
at the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
define literary meaning, and
determine how the literary devices of a work of fiction work together to convey its literary
meaning.

Learning competency
infer literary meaning from literal language based on usage
EN12Lit-Id-26
Let’s Review
Literary elements – These devices are inherent in a literary text. Some examples are the
characters, setting, conflict, plot, and theme of a short story.

Literary techniques – These devices are used deliberately by a writer in his or her work to convey
a particular meaning. Dialogue is an example.
The literary meaning of a work is conveyed through its elements and the literary techniques that
the writer used. In a short story, for instance, the writer weaves a story, putting elements and
techniques together in a specific arrangement to convey its meaning.

Consider Francisco Arcellana’s short story "The Mats." Arcellana focused on the character’s
actions and dialogues to reveal their innermost feelings, which can be clues to the literary
meaning of the work.
The Mats" (A Summary)
By Francisco Arcellana
"The short story "The Mats" is about the Angeles family. As
the title suggests, their story unfolds like the unfolding of a
sleeping mat. It begins with Emilia and her children waiting
excitedly for Mr. Jaime Angeles’s return from a business trip.
In a letter, Mr. Angeles told his wife that he had asked a mat
weaver to make decorative sleeping mats for each one in the
family. To some degree, the children knew what those mats
would look like because their mother kept one herself. This
mat was a gift from Emilia’s mother.
It had been a witness to the couple’s wedding night as
well as to the illnesses and even deaths in the family.
Then the day came when Mr. Angeles arrived home at
last. The family had a long dinner. The table was cleared
right after, and Mr. Angeles had a cigar. When it was
time to untie the mats, Mr. Angeles cut the cord that
held the bundle with scissors. He began unfolding the
mats one by one. He handed the first one to Emilia; the
second one to himself; the third one to his eldest,
Marcelina; the fourth one to his son, Jose; and three
more to his children Antonia, Juan, and Jesus.
Each mat had the name of the family member on it as
well as something special like the cadena de amor on
Emilia’s mat, a lyre on Marcelina’s, and the symbol of
Aesculapius on Jose’s. Then Emilia noticed the other
three mats that were not yet unfolded. In a different
voice, Mr. Angeles told her that they were for those
who were not there. Emilia was speechless, and the
children fell silent. Mr. Angeles unfolded the first of
three remaining mats; it revealed a name that the
children knew, but it seemed strange to them.
Nana Emilia told her husband, "You know, Jaime, you
didn’t have to. You didn’t have to." To this Mr. Angeles
only said, "Do you think I’d forgotten? Do you think I had
forgotten them? Do you think I could forget them?" Then
he called out the names of his dead children, namely,
Josefina, Victoria, and Concepcion, as if they were there
to get the mats themselves. Emilia pleaded with him to
stop. To this he only said, "Is it fair to forget them? Would
it be just to disregard them?" The children wanted to turn
away from their father, but they did not. Emilia held back
her frustration. Mr. Angeles unfolded the remaining mats
in silence.
Literary Meaning of "The Mats"
It is shown through the characters Emilia and her husband that coping with the death of loved
ones is a struggle. Emilia seemed to lead a normal life from the beginning of the story until the
moment her husband told her that he had the mat weaver made three mats for their three dead
children. Forced to remember their dead children, she could only hold back from feeling
frustration perhaps with her husband. On the other hand, Mr. Angeles dealt with the death of
his children in a way that he knew how, that is, remembering them on special occasions even if
that made his wife and children uncomfortable.
Summary
The literary devices, elements and techniques, that are present in a work like a short story, bring
about the literary meaning of the work. This meaning can be about people or life in general.
Let’s check
What literary devices are used on purpose by a writer in his work to convey its meaning?

Which word completes the following analogy?

Emilia : cadena de amor : : Marcelina : ______

What kind of narrative is "The Mats" by Francisco Arcellana?
Session 3
July 8-12, 2019
Management of learning
Prayer
Vocabulary / grammar
review
Drama
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
identify the Filipino dramatists or playwrights in English during the Postwar Period in the
Philippines (1946–1960); and
analyze a Filipino drama or play in English published during that period.
Drama
Drama is a literary work that tells a story through actions and dialogues. It is usually performed
on stage.
Elements
Characters – These actors set the scene and flow of the story.
Dialogues – These are conversations between the characters.
Plot – This is the series of events that take place.
Stage directions – These statements tell the actors how they should look, move, and speak. They
also give the director a picture of how the setting looks like, and what music and other sounds
would set the mood of the play.
Philippine Drama in English
During the Postwar Period
(1946–1960)
By the 1940s and 1950s, dramas in English had been performed on stage in the Philippines.
During that time, three notable Filipino dramatists emerged. They were Severino Montano,
Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero, and Alberto S. Florentino.
Severino Montano
Severino Montano (1915–1980) established the Arena
Theatre at the Philippine Normal College in 1952.
Almost two hundred performances were staged there
from 1953 to 1964. Among those performances were
the staging of Montano’s four major dramas,
namely, Parting at Calamba (1953), Sabina (1953), The
Ladies and the Senator (1953), and The Love of Leonor
Rivera (1954).
Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero
Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero (1910–1995) was a
prolific playwright. He wrote over a hundred
plays; most of them were staged. His plays
portray the educated middle class. Among his
popular works are Wanted: A
Chaperone (1940), The Three Rats (1948),
and Condemned(1943).
Alberto S. Florentino
Alberto S. Florentino (1931– ) became known
for his drama The World Is An Apple. It won first
prize in the Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for
Literature in 1954 and was published in
the Sunday Times Magazine that same year. The
play as well as the others like Cavort with Angels
(1959) and Oli Impan (1959) is set in Tondo
slums.
During the period, the theater was moribund in the cities, however. One reason is that the
language used, which was English, made the plays only accessible to the educated Filipinos.
"The World Is an Apple" by Alberto S. Florentino is a one-act play. As the term suggests, a one-
act play is composed of only one act or part. Its story has a few characters; it is condensed and
has a single effect.
Florentino’s play only has three characters, namely, Gloria, Mario, and Pablo. The story takes
place one evening in an improvised home in Intramuros. Gloria and Mario are a poor couple.
Their poverty forces Mario’s hand both literally and figuratively. So, he returns to his old life of
stealing and joins his old friend Pablo for a heist.
The World Is An Apple: A
Synopsis
It is payday, and Mario comes home without any
money to give his wife Gloria for their sick daughter
named Tita. At first, he tells his wife that he spent all of
his money on a few drinks with his friends. However,
Gloria does not believe him because he does not look
intoxicated. Then Mario attempts to lie the second
time by telling her that he spent it all on a woman.
Once again, Gloria does not believe him because she
knows Mario loves their daughter very much that he
could not have done it. Finally, Mario tells her that he
lost his job a week ago and that he has been looking
for a new one ever since. Gloria is shocked to hear the
news and worried that Mario would not be able to find
a job soon. Mario, however, assures her that it will not
take long for him to get a new job.
Gloria then asks Mario why he lost his
job. Mario relates that he was accused of
pilfering (stealing a small amount of
something) at work. He took an apple
that rolled out of a broken crate and
thought of giving it to their child. The
people at his work kept the apple, though,
for evidence.
Gloria wants Mario to ask those
people for a second chance, but
Mario is convinced that they want
to throw him out so that they could
bring their own men into the job.
When Gloria suggests, Mario complain, he does
not want to do so for fear of those people finding
out about his police record. Then he tells Gloria
that he has found a good job. He is to be a night
watchman for a company. Gloria is thankful to
God, though she feels uncertain because she will
be alone at night without Mario by her side.
Then comes Pablo, Mario’s friend. Mario
becomes nervous, and Gloria is not very happy
to see him. Pablo asks about their child’s
condition and offers money to Gloria so that she
can take her to a doctor, but Gloria refuses it.
She is convinced that Pablo has come to lead
Mario back to his old ways.
Soon enough, she discovers that Mario has indeed
decided to go back to stealing for their sake. She tries
to stop him from going, but Mario leaves with Pablo
anyway. Before he leaves, he tells Gloria to take care
of their daughter and herself, and he will take care of
himself. The story ends with Gloria shouting Mario’s
name as she watches him walk away with Pablo.
The three notable Filipino dramatists in English of the Postwar Years are Severino Montano,
Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero, and Alberto Florentino. They produced relevant dramas during the
period. However, because their works were written in English, they could only reach out to the
educated class
 Let’s check
Which of these works was written by Severino Montano?
a. The Ladies and the Senator (1953)
b. The Three Rats
c. Cavort with Angels (1959)
d. Oli Impan (1959)
 What do you call the statements that tell the actors how they should look, move, and speak in a
drama?
a. Dialogues
b. Plot
c. Script
d. Stage directions
 which was written by Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero?
a. The Ladies and the Senator (1953)
b. The Three Rats
c. Cavort with Angels (1959)
d. Oli Impan (1959)
This drama by Alberto Florentino won first prize in the Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for
Literature in 1954. What is the title of the drama?
What is theme of Alberto Florentino’s "The World Is an Apple"?
The theme of the story is, it is man's basic instinct that 
drives him towards his survival. But, no matter what he 
should not forget that society expects him to confirm to its 
norms.
Session 4
Summative test
Summative exam
1. What period of Philippine history did Amador T. Daguio write the poem “Man of Earth”?
2. What poetry is written and read on a mobile phone?
3. What title has been given to Frank Rivera for popularizing textula?
4. What literary devices are used on purpose by a writer in his work to convey its meaning?
5. Which word completes the following analogy?
6. Emilia : cadena de amor : : Marcelina : ______
7. What kind of narrative is "The Mats" by Francisco Arcellana?
8. Which of these works was written by Severino Montano?
a. The Ladies and the Senator (1953)
b. The Three Rats
c. Cavort with Angels (1959)
d. Oli Impan (1959)
9. which was written by Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero?
e. The Ladies and the Senator (1953)
f. The Three Rats
c. Cavort with Angels (1959)
d. Oli Impan (1959)
10 What do you call the statements that tell the actors how they should look, move, and speak in
a drama?
a. Dialogues
b. Plot
c. Script
d. Stage directions
11What figure of speech is used?
I might have been the bamboo,
But I will be a man.
Bend me then, O Lord,
Bend me if you can.
12.
What is theme of Alberto Florentino’s "The World Is an Apple"?

How can you relate the story of “the world is an apple in the life of Filipinos?