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WELCOME DCIAN’S

ESP:EXTRASENSORY PERCEPTION
GROUP:B 8
MEMBERS:
DILIP N
NITHIN SUNNY
RAJI MANUEL
RIJU PAUL
ROHITHA
TINU THOMAS

SOP OWNER:ARCHANA THULASIDARAN


ESP-INTRODUCTION
ESP is most commonly called the "sixth sense."
It is sensory information that an individual
receives which comes beyond the ordinary five
senses sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. It
can provide the individual with information of
the present, past, and future; as it seems to
originate in a second, or alternate reality.
ESP IN DETAIL
• Extrasensory perception (ESP), involves reception
of information not gained through the recognized
physical senses but sensed with the mind.
• The term was coined by Sir Richard Burton, and
adopted by Duke University psychologist J. B.
Rhine
• To denote psychic abilities such as telepathy and
clairvoyance, and their trans-temporal operation
as precognition or retrocognition.
ESP IN GENERAL
CLASSIFICATION OF ESP
• TELEPATHY- mind to mind communications.
• CLAIRVOYANCE- seeing things beyond our vision.
• PRECOGNITION- knowledge of something in
advance of its occurrence
• CLAIRAUDIENCE- the ability to hear things which
is beyond the range of our hearing power such
as voices from the dead, or voices from the
heaven.
• RETRO COGNITION-the knowledge of
something after it occurred from distance
without prior knowledge.
• REMOTE VIEWING- the ability to perceive
places, persons, and actions which are not in
the range of our normal senses.
• TELEKINESIS-the ability to move physical
objects by the mind, and without touching
them.
HISTORY OF ESP
• The term "ESP" was used in 1870 by Sir
Richard Burton.
• A French researcher, Dr. Paul Joire, in 1892
used the term ESP to describe the ability of
person who had been hypnotized.
• In the 1920's a Munich ophthalmologist, Dr.
Rudolph Tischner, used ESP in describing the
"externalization of sensibility.“
• In 1930s the American parapsychologist J. B.
Rhine popularized the term to include psychic
phenomena similar to sensory functions.
• Rhine was among the first parapsychologists
to test ESP phenomena in the laboratory.
• In 1933 Dr. Gaither Pratt and Hubert Pearce
suggests that these phenomena work below
the limits of consciousness.
• In 1940, a series of studies made by B.K.
Kanthamani and K. Ramakrishna Rao on high
school students in India to find personality
traits associated with ESP.
• They found out that all those who claim to
possess ESP are warm, sociable, good natured,
easy going, assertive, tough, enthusiastic,
talkative, cheerful, quick, alert,
adventuresome, emotional, realistic, practical,
composed, and relaxed.
J.B Rhine experiments
• The first card-guessing ESP experiments were
conducted by Rhine at Duke University in 1930.
• The cards consisted of five designs, now called
ESP symbols, a square, a circle, a plus sign, a
five pointed star, and a set of three wavy lines.
The symbols were printed singly, in black ink,
on cards resembling playing cards.
• In the classic Rhine experiments on ESP, the
subject tries to guess or "call" the order of the
five symbols when they are randomly
arranged in a deck of 25 ESP cards.
• The likelihood of calling a card correctly by
chance is one in five.
• Therefore, it is possible to calculate how often
a particular score is likely to occur by chance
in a given number of calls.
• Rhine'' argument that when his subjects
made high scores that could be expected by
chance only once in a thousand tries, or once
in a million, they displayed "extrachance"
results, or ESP.
FINDINGS
• While some label it "missing-ESP" it might be
thought of as reverse-ESP too. It is found
among subject who dislike ESP.
• Even though the subjects were consciously
trying to achieve good scores, they scored
lower than chance.
• An unconscious factor seemed to come into
play here.
• Experimenters have found they can predict
higher scores for some groups (for example,
those who are interested and relaxed), and
lower scores for other groups (those who
show fear, negativity, or boredom).
• The factor of missing-ESP indicates why ESP
data is unreliable
CRITICISMS
• The statistics were unsound which was refuted
by the president of the American
Mathematical Association.
• That ESP is physical impossibility which begs
the question.
• Only favourable results are published
• Results are inconsistent and not repeatable
PARAPSYCHOLOGY AND ESP
• Parapsychology is a discipline that seeks to
investigate the existence and causes of psychic
abilities, near-death experiences, and life after
death using the scientific method.
• Parapsychological experiments have included
the use of random number generators to test for
evidence of precognition and psychokinesis with
both human and animal subjects and Ganzfeld
experiments to test for extrasensory perception.

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