TOWER ERECTION BY

VARIOUS METHOD
 SUPERSTRUCTURE ERECTION
The Method For Erection:-
 Piecemeal Or Built up Method
 Section Method
 Ground Assembly Method
 Helicopter Method
 PIECEMEAL OR BUILT UP METHOD
 In this method individual tower members are
joined by piece by piece to erect tower
starting from stubs.
 The four main corner leg members of the first
section of the tower are first erected and
guyed off.
 There after the cross bracing are assembled
on ground followed by its raising and bolting
to corner legs.
 Horizontal bracing are raised from G.L. and
bolted to first section. The 1st section is thus
completed.
 In order to assemble the second section, the
bottom of the pipe derric is held at the top of
main leg of the erected first section for raising the
Second section leg member and associated
bracing of that section.
 The derric is thus moved higher as the tower
assembly increases till the tower erects
completely.
 This conventional method is time consuming but
take less costs in erection as compared to other
method.
 SECTION METHOD
 This method calls for either a mobile crane or
a deric pole of 10 meters length (Steel).
 The derric pole is placed close to tower by
guys. During guying arrangement proper
checking has to be made to see whether the
proper size of crow-bar have been used and
fixed at hard surface of soil. Two opposite
faces of 1st section are assembled on ground
and with the help of derric pole one face is
lifted and aligned with stubs.
 While keeping this erected face propped, the
other assembled face is raised by derric pole
and fitted to stubs.
 The two opposite faces are then connected by
cross and horizontal bracings.
 After 1st section is erected, the deric pole
moves to top of 1st section and 2nd section is
erected in the same manner.
 The complete tower is erected in sequence
from bottom to top.
 GROUND ASSEMBLY METHOD
i) IN THIS METHOD COMPLETE TOWER IS ASSEMBLED ON
GROUND AND SET ON STUBS WITH THE HELP OF CRANE.

ii) IN THIS METHOD COMPLETE TOWER IS ASSEMBLED IN

HORIZONTAL POSITION ON LEVEL GROUND.

iii) AFTER ASSEMBLY IS COMPLETED THE TOWER IS PICKED

FROM THE GROUND WITH HELP OF A CRANE AND CARRIED
TO THE LOCATION.
iv) LEVELLED PIECE OF LAND CLOSE TO THE TOWER FOOTING IS
CHOSEN FOR THE TOWER ASSEMBLY.

v) THIS METHOD IS NOT USEFUL WHEN THE TOWERS ARE

LARGE AND HEAVY AND THE FOUNDATION ARE LOCATED
UNEVEN LAND AS IN HILLY AND UNEVEN TERRAIN, DIFFICULT
TO APPROACH.
 HELICOPTER METHOD
 In this method the bottom most assembled
section is lifted by helicopter and fitted to
stubs. For other section, same process is
repeated till full tower is erected. Helicopter
may also lift the complete assembled tower
for G.L. for fixing with stubs.
I) IN THIS METHOD THE TRANSMISSION TOWERS ARE ERECTED
IN SECTION.

ii) FIRST PRE-ASSEMBLED BOTTOM SECTION IS LIFTED AND

FITTED TO THE STUB.

iii) THE PROCESS IS REPEATED SECTION BY SECTION TILL THE

COMPLETE TOWER IS ERECTED

iv) DEPENDING UPON THE TYPE OF TOWER, CAPACITY ETC.,

HELICOPTER CAN LIFT COMPLETE ASSEMBLED TOWER ALSO.

v) THE HELICOPTER HOVERS OVER THE LOCATION WHILE THE

TOWER IS POSITIONED OR GUYED SECUREDLY.
 ERECTION OF TOWER CROSS ARM
 Ground assembly method is followed for erection
of tower cross arm.
 The cross arm members are first assembled at
ground level and the entire assembly lifted with
help of derric pole to tower top using man power
or winch/tractor/pull-lift etc.
 In this method a pulley is held above ground
centrally to the diagonal of tower legs.
 One end of rope passing over this pulley is
connected to cross arm assembly via another
pulley fitted on tower top along tower axis while
the other rope end connects at ground level to
lifting mechanism.
 The end of rope is pulled from ground with
arrangement of temporary guide ropes tied with
assembled cross arm to control movement of
cross arm by man power at G.L. to avoid hitting of
the assembly to erected tower body in the
process of lifting the assembly from ground level.
 While lifting in progress, there will be tendency of
cross arm to hit on tower body.
 When cross arm will be within the reach of
erectors on tower, it is held, aligned and fitted to
tower finally.
 All tools/tackles used for lifting cross arm
assembly are now released.
 DERRICK TYING ROPE

DERRICK

20mm POLY
PROPYLENE
ROPE

CROW BARS
 SUPERVISORY CHECK FOR TOWER ERECTION
 Check at random size of a few members,
conforming to drawing details. Members
should be fixed mark wise in proper position
as per drawing and B.O.M. Check for
deformed or rusted or damaged tower
members. Avoid bent members.
 Check for missing and fitting of all members.
 Check for missing bolts and nuts. Ensure use
of spring washer or pack washer at fasteners.
 Check for tightness of fasteners using
TORQUE WRENCH.
 Ensure no tensioning tools used to assemble
members on towers. Members must not be
strained for fitting.
 Check center punching on bolt thread and tack
welding (at least 10 mm) circular length at 2 or
3 points of nuts head upto height of lowest
cross arm and zinc rich paint coating on
welded portion.
 Check verticality of a few towers by theodolyte
/ total station.
 Check filling of extra holes in tower members
with bolts and nuts except holes for step bolts
below ACD.
 Ensure no damage of tower foundation at G.L. after
full tower erects. Check no tower legs is suspected
in sinking land or soil erosion field of river bank. If
so proper adequate protection has been provided.
 Efficiency of tools/ tackles used. Ensure safe
distance at G.L. in the process of lifting members
to avoid any possible accident.
 Use of safety belts / safety shoes / fall arrestors are
must while working on top.
 Avoid work in foul weather.
 Ensure placement in position all relevant bracing to
a section before assembly of next upper section.
 All bolts shall have bolt head outside tower for
horizontal connection and upward for vertical
bolt connections.
 Bolts head in leg are on outer surface and nuts
on inside.
 Avoid heating of members during lifting.
 Check fixing and connection of all tower
accessories such as danger plate / number
plate / circuit plate / phase plate / step bolt /
ACD.
 Check correct sequence of fixing phase circuit
plate at transposition towers.
 ERECTION OF FASTENERS
 Tower members are not riveted but coupled
through bolts.
 The diameter and length of fasteners need to
be properly selected.
 The projection of threaded position after full
tightening of nuts is kept between 3 mm and
7 mm.
 All nuts should be tightened by torque
wrench.
 It is to be ensured that pack washer or plates are
placed in gaps between two members and one
spring washer are to be used in each fasteners.
 In the processes of erection of towers from bottom
to top the fasteners are to be tightened up to (60-
70)% of recommended values.
 After completing assembly of all tower members
tightening of nuts be made as per recommended
values and work done starting from the top
downwards.
 After tightening nuts, the thread of each bolt
protecting outside should be punched at three / four
locations to avoid loosening of nuts.
 TOOLS AND TACKLES USED FOR
ERECTION
I. Derric Pole (28” - 30˚)
II. Single Sheave Pulley (4”)
III. Double Sheave Pulley (4”)
IV. Poly Propylene Ropes (1/2” – ¾”)
V. Torque Wrench
VI. Spanner, box wrench, hole bar, hammer
VII. Tirfor / max pull / winch
VIII.Big size pulley
IX. D shackles
X. Sling short piece channel
 SAFETY MEASURE FOR TOWER ERECTION
 Check damage or uneven settlement of foundation.
 Ensure the derric used before tower erection has
been checked for adequate strength size. Ensure the
copy of test certificate for all the lifting machine and
tackles.
 Ensure that the pulleys used before erection has been
checked for adequate strength / physical condition
and proper size. Also in case of open type pulleys
proper locking arrangement like providing of safety
pin is made. Ensure copy of the test certificates for all
the machine and tackles.
 Ensure that the rope used before tower erection has
been checked for adequate strength / physical condition
(free from break of strands and knots etc).

 Check the lifting tools and tackles i.e. winch machine,

chain pulley block , tirfor , D shackles etc are in healthy
condition and has been tested periodically. (Attach copy
of certificate).

 Ensure that the permission has been obtained from

aviation authority for erection of special towers which
comes in the vicinity of flying zone.

 Check that safety measure has been taken before

undertaking for the road / rail / river crossing.
 For rail or river crossing check weather
written working plan is available at site with
specific reference to safety i.e. local earthing,
skilled and experienced man power, proper
T&P, strength & height of scaffolding to
maintain the required clearance etc.

 Ensure that all the members and proper size

of nuts and bolts of lower section are fitted
properly before erection of the upper section
of tower is taken up.
 Check that ACD are provided in the tower after
erection.

 Check that working area has been demarcated and

our erection team members are allowed to stand
near the tower with each using helmet and safety
shoes.

 Check proper guying arrangement has been made to

also see that proper size of crow bars have been used
which have been fixed at hard surface in case of
sandy soil or loose soil.
* Check sufficient nos. of guys made while lifting the
assembled cross arm and also avoiding use of single
sheave pulley while lifting the assembled cross arm
heavy load.

* Check proper size of strength of the hook used for

lifting tower members.

* ppe like helmet, safety belt of proper quality is used.

* For climbing tower use safety belt which can be fitted to

the tower.
THANK YOU