Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
CE 504
Row Matrix (Vector)- a matrix with all of its elements arranged in a single row (i.e., m= 1)
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Types of Matrices
Square Matrix- a matrix which has the same number of rows and columns (i.e., m= n)
Symmetric Matrix- is a square matrix in which the off-diagonal terms are symmetric about the main diagonal.
(i.e. 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 𝑎𝑗𝑖 )
Diagonal elements
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Types of Matrices
Lower Triangular Matrix- a square matrix where all of the elements above its main diagonal are zero, (i.e.
𝑎𝑖𝑗 =0 for j>i)
Diagonal elements
Upper Triangular Matrix- a square matrix where all of the elements below its main diagonal are zero. (i.e.
𝑎𝑖𝑗 =0 for j<i)
Diagonal elements
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Types of Matrices
Diagonal Matrix- a square matrix where all of the elements are zero except along the main diagonal (i.e. 𝑎𝑖𝑗 =
0 for i ≠ 𝑗)
Diagonal elements
Unit or Identity Matrix- is a diagonal matrix with all the diagonal elements equal to unity (1). (i.e. 𝐼𝑖𝑗 =
1 and 𝐼𝑖𝑗 = 0 for i ≠ 𝑗)
Diagonal elements
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Types of Matrices
Null Matrix- a matrix where all of the elements are zero. (i.e. 𝑂𝑖𝑗 = 0)
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Matrix Operations
Equality of Matrices- matrices are considered to be equal if they are of the same order and if their
corresponding elements are identical (i.e. 𝐴𝑖𝑗 = 𝐵𝑖𝑗 )
𝑨=𝑩
Addition/ Subtraction of Matrix- matrices can be added (or subtracted) only if they are of the same order. (i.e.
𝐴𝑖𝑗 + 𝐵𝑖𝑗 = 𝐶𝑖𝑗 )
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 1 2 3 𝑎±1 𝑏±2 𝑐±3
𝑨= 𝑑 𝑒 𝑓 𝑩= 4 5 6 𝑨+𝑩=𝑪= 𝑑±4 𝑒±5 𝑓±6
𝑔 ℎ 𝑖 7 8 9 𝑔±7 ℎ±8 𝑖±9
Commutative
Associative
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Matrix Operations
Scalar Multiplication of Matrix- when a matrix is multiplied by a scalar, each element of the matrix is multiplied
by the scalar. (i.e. 𝑘 𝑥 𝐴𝑖𝑗 )
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎𝑥𝑘 𝑏𝑥𝑘 𝑐𝑥𝑘
𝑨= 𝑑 𝑒 𝑓 𝒌𝒙𝑨= 𝑑𝑥𝑘 𝑒𝑥𝑘 𝑓𝑥𝑘
𝑔 ℎ 𝑖 𝑔𝑥𝑘 ℎ𝑥𝑘 𝑖𝑥𝑘
Multiplication of Matrix- two matrices can be multiplied only if they are conformable, meaning, the number of
columns of the first matrix equals the number of rows of the second matrix. (i.e. 𝐴𝑚 𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 𝐵𝑝 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝐶𝑚 𝑥𝑛 )
𝑎
1 2 3 𝑏 𝑐
𝑨= 𝑑
𝑩= 4 5 6 𝑒 𝑓
𝑔
7 8 9 ℎ 𝑖
𝑎𝑥1+𝑏𝑥4+𝑐𝑥7 𝑎𝑥2+𝑏𝑥5+𝑐𝑥8 𝑎𝑥3+𝑏𝑥6+𝑐𝑥9
𝐴𝑥𝐵 =𝐶 = 𝑑𝑥1+𝑒𝑥4+𝑓𝑥7 𝑑𝑥2+𝑒𝑥5+𝑓𝑥8 𝑑𝑥3+𝑒𝑥6+𝑓𝑥9
𝑔𝑥1+ℎ𝑥4+𝑖𝑥7 𝑔𝑥2+ℎ𝑥5+𝑖𝑥8 𝑔𝑥3+ℎ𝑥6+𝑖𝑥9
Orthogonal Matrix- is a matrix whose inverse is equal to its transpose. (i.e. 𝐴−1 = 𝐴𝑇 )
Skew-Symmetric Matrix- is a square matrix whose transpose equals minus the matrix. (i.e. 𝐴𝑇 = −𝐴)
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Matrix Operations
Matrix Partitioning- is the process of subdividing a matrix into submatrices. The rules of matrix algebra apply
to partitioned matrices provided the partitioning is conformable.
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Sample Problems:
1.
SOLUTION:
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Sample Problems:
2.
SOLUTION:
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Sample Problems:
3.
SOLUTION:
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Sample Problems:
4.
SOLUTION:
24
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Sample Problems:
4.
SOLUTION:
24 -5 -4
12 3 -2
-2 5 4
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Sample Problems:
4.
SOLUTION:
24 -5 -4
12 3 -2
-2 5 4
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Sample Problems:
4.
SOLUTION:
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Sample Problems:
4.
SOLUTION:
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Determinants
Determinants- is a square array of numbers enclosed within vertical bars.
Methods
Laplace’s Expansion- or cofactor expansion method, states that the numerical value represented by the
determinant is equal to the sum of the products of the elements of any row or column and their respective
cofactors (i.e. 𝐶𝑖𝑗 = (−1)𝑖+𝑗 𝑀𝑖𝑗 )
Minor or submatrix
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
𝑨= |𝑨| =
𝑐 𝑑 𝑐 𝑑
𝑨 = 𝑎𝑑 − 𝑏𝑐
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎11 𝑎13 𝑎11 𝑎1𝑛
𝑩= 𝑑 𝑒 𝑓 |𝑩| = 𝑑 𝑒 𝑓ቮ 𝑑 𝑒
𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎21 𝑎23 ⋯ 𝑎21 𝑎2𝑛
𝑔 ℎ 𝑖 𝑔 ℎ 𝑖 𝑔 ℎ 𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎11 𝑎13 𝑎11 𝑎1𝑛
|𝑨| = (𝑎11 )2−𝑛 𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎31 𝑎33 ⋯ 𝑎31 𝑎3𝑛
|𝑩| = 𝑎𝑒𝑖 + 𝑏𝑓𝑔 + 𝑐𝑑ℎ − (𝑐𝑒𝑔 + 𝑎𝑓ℎ + 𝑏𝑑𝑖) ⋮ ⋮ ⋮
𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎11 𝑎13 𝑎11 𝑎1𝑛
𝑎𝑚1 𝑎𝑚2 𝑎𝑚1 𝑎𝑚3 ⋯ 𝑎𝑚1 𝑎𝑚𝑛
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Determinants
Upper Triangular Method- the goal is to make the matrix an upper triangular matrix using elementary
operations and the determinant can be easily obtained by multiplying the elements in the diagonal.
Elementary Operations
1. Any two rows of a matrix can be interchange (i.e. 𝑅1 ↔ 𝑅2 )
2. Any row or column of a matrix can be multiplied to any nonzero scalar (i.e. 𝑅1 ′ → 𝑘𝑅1 )
3. Any row of a matrix can be added to another row provided that the former will be multiplied to a nonzero
scalar (i.e. 𝑅2′ → 𝑅2 + 𝑘𝑅1 )
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑏 − 𝑎𝑒 𝑐 − 𝑎𝑓
𝑨= 1 𝑒 𝑓 |𝑨| =
ℎ − 𝑒𝑔 𝑖 − 𝑓𝑔
𝑔 ℎ 𝑖
1 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑
𝑓 − 𝑏𝑒 𝑔 − 𝑐𝑒 ℎ − 𝑑𝑒
𝑒 𝑓 𝑔 ℎ
𝑩= |𝑩| = 𝑗 − 𝑏𝑖 𝑘 − 𝑐𝑖 𝑙 − 𝑑𝑖
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘 𝑙
𝑛 − 𝑏𝑚 𝑜 − 𝑐𝑚 𝑝 − 𝑑𝑚
𝑚 𝑛 𝑜 𝑝
1. Using elementary operations, make an element equal to 1
2. Always start with multiplication to 1
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Sample Problems:
Given a 6x6 matrix, find the determinant using purely;
1. Upper Triangular Method 1 2 1 0
2. Chios Method 0 3 1 1
3. Cofactor Expansion Method 𝑨=
−1 0 3 1
4. Pivotal Method 3 1 2 0
5. Reduce to 3x3 matrix and use Basket Method
Solution:
1. Upper Triangular Method 1 2 1 0
0 3 1 1 2
1 2 1 0 𝑨=
4 1 𝑅3′ = 𝑅3 − 𝑅2
0 3 1 1 0 2 3
𝑨= ′
𝑅3 = 𝑅3 + 𝑅1 0 0 2/3 5/3
−1 0 3 1
3 1 2 0 1 2 1 0
1 2 1 0 0 3 1 1 1
𝑨= 𝑅4′ = 𝑅4 − 𝑅3
𝑨=
0 3 1 1
𝑅4′ = 𝑅4 − 3𝑅1 0 0 10/3 1/3 5
0 2 4 1 0 0 2/3 5/3
3 1 2 0 1 2 1 0
1 2 1 0 0 3 1 1 10 8
0 3 1 1 5 𝑨 = 𝑨 =1 3 = 16
𝑨= 𝑅4′ = 𝑅4 + 𝑅2 0 0 10/3 1/3 3 5
0 2 4 1 3 0 0 0 8/5
0 −5 −1 0
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Sample Problems:
Given a 6x6 matrix, find the determinant using purely;
1. Upper Triangular Method 1 2 1 0
2. Chios Method 0 3 1 1
3. Cofactor Expansion Method 𝑨=
−1 0 3 1
4. Pivotal Method 3 1 2 0
5. Reduce to 3x3 matrix and use Basket Method
Solution:
2. Chios Method
1 2 1 1 1 0
0 3 0 1 0 1
1 2 1 1 1 0 3 1 3 1
|𝑨| = (1)2−4 2 4 2 1
−1 0 −1 3 −1 1 |𝑨| = (3)2−3
1 2 1 1 1 0 3 1 3 1
3 1 3 2 3 0 −5 −1 −5 0
−1 10 1 1 10 1
𝑨 = 3 =
3 1 1 3 1 1 2 5 3 2 5
𝑨 = 1 −2
2 4 1 = 2 4 1 1 1
10 1
−5 −1 0 −5 −1 0 𝑨 = (10)2−2 = 48 = 16
3 2 5 3
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Sample Problems:
Given a 6x6 matrix, find the determinant using purely;
1. Upper Triangular Method 1 2 1 0
2. Chios Method 0 3 1 1
3. Cofactor Expansion Method 𝑨=
−1 0 3 1
4. Pivotal Method 3 1 2 0
5. Reduce to 3x3 matrix and use Basket Method
Solution:
3. Cofactor Expansion Method
1 2 1 0 3 1 1 0 1 1 0 3 1 0 3 1
0 3 1 1 𝑨 = 1 0 3 1 − 2 −1 3 1 + 1 −1 0 1 − 0 −1 0 3
𝑨=
−1 0 3 1 1 2 0 3 2 0 3 1 0 3 1 2
3 1 2 0
3 1 1
3 1 0 1 0 3
1 0 3 1 =1 3 −1 +1 = −8
2 0 1 0 1 2 0 3 1
1 2 0 0 1 −1 1 −1 0
1 −1 0 1 =1 0 −3 +1 =8
1 0 3 0 3 1
3 1 0
0 1 1
3 1 −1 1 −1 3
−2 −1 3 1 = −2 0 −1 +1 = 16 𝑨 = −8 + 16 + 8 − 0 = 16
2 0 3 0 3 2
3 2 0
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Sample Problems:
Given a 6x6 matrix, find the determinant using purely;
1. Upper Triangular Method 1 2 1 0
2. Chios Method 0 3 1 1
3. Cofactor Expansion Method 𝑨 =
−1 0 3 1
4. Pivotal Method 3 1 2 0
5. Reduce to 3x3 matrix and use Basket Method
Solution:
4. Pivotal Method
1 2 1 0 3 − 2(0) 1 − 1(0) 1 − 0(0) 3 1 1
0 3 1 1
𝑨= |𝑨| = 0 − 2(−1) 3 − 1(−1) 1 − 0(−1) = 2 4 1
−1 0 3 1
3 1 2 0 1 − 2(3) 2 − 1(3) 0 − 0(3) −5 −1 0
2 − 3(1) 4 − 1(1) −1 3
|𝑨| = =
−5 − 3(0) −1 − 1(0) −5 −1
−1 3
|𝑨| = = 16
−5 −1
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Sample Problems:
Given a 6x6 matrix, find the determinant using purely;
1. Upper Triangular Method 1 2 1 0
2. Chios Method 0 3 1 1
3. Cofactor Expansion Method 𝑨 =
−1 0 3 1
4. Pivotal Method 3 1 2 0
5. Reduce to 3x3 matrix and use Basket Method
Solution:
5. Reduce to 3x3 matrix and use Basket Method
1 2 1 0 3 − 2(0) 1 − 1(0) 1 − 0(0) 3 1 1
0 3 1 1
𝑨= |𝑨| = 0 − 2(−1) 3 − 1(−1) 1 − 0(−1) = 2 4 1
−1 0 3 1
3 1 2 0 1 − 2(3) 2 − 1(3) 0 − 0(3) −5 −1 0
3 1 1 3 1
|𝑨| = 2 4 1อ 2 4
−5 −1 0 −5 −1
𝑥1 𝑎
𝑥2 = 𝑏
𝑥3 𝑐
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Sample Problems:
Given a system of linear equation
2𝑥1 − 𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 = 1 Solve for the values of 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 & 𝑥3 using:
1. Gauss Elimination Method
𝑥1 + 4𝑥2 − 𝑥3 = −1 2. Gauss Jordan Method
−2𝑥2 + 5𝑥3 = 2 3. Inverse of a Matrix Method
Solution:
1. Gauss Elimination Method
2 −1 3 𝑥1 1 4 12
𝑅3′
→ 𝑅3 + 𝑅2 35 4
1 4 −1 𝑥2 = −1 9 𝑥3 = 𝑥3 =
9 3 35
0 −2 5 𝑥3 2 2 −1 3 1
𝑨𝒙 = 𝑩 𝑨|𝑩 = 0 9/2 −5/2 ቮ −3/2
2 −1 3 1 0 0 35/9 4/3
𝑨|𝑩 = 1 4 −1 อ −1 9 5 −3 −1
2 −1 3 𝑥1 1 𝑥 − 𝑥 = 𝑥2 =
0 −2 5 2 0 9/2 −5/2 𝑥2 = −3/2 2 2 2 3 2 7
1 0 0 35/9 𝑥3
′
𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 4/3
2
2 −1 3 1 2𝑥1 − 𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 1
(9/2)𝑥2 − (5/2)𝑥3 = −3/2 −3
𝑨|𝑩 = 0 9/2 −5/2 อ −3/2 2𝑥1 − 𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 = 1 𝑥1 =
0 −2 5 2 (35/9)𝑥3 4/3 35
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Sample Problems:
Given a system of linear equation
2𝑥1 − 𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 = 1 Solve for the values of 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 & 𝑥3 using:
1. Gauss Elimination Method
𝑥1 + 4𝑥2 − 𝑥3 = −1 2. Gauss Jordan Method
−2𝑥2 + 5𝑥3 = 2 3. Inverse of a Matrix Method
Solution:
2. Gauss Jordan Method
2 −1 3 𝑥1 1 4 9
𝑅3′
→ 𝑅3 + 𝑅2 𝑅2′
→ 𝑅2 + 𝑅3
1 4 −1 𝑥2 = −1 9 14
0 −2 5 𝑥3 2 2 −1 3 1 2 22/5 0 −4/5
𝑨𝒙 = 𝑩 𝑨|𝑩 = 0 9/2 −5/2 ቮ −3/2 𝑨|𝑩 = 0 9/2 0 ቮ −9/14
2 −1 3 1 0 0 35/9 4/3 0 0 35/9 4/3
𝑨|𝑩 = 1 4 −1 อ −1 6 44
′ ′
0 −2 5 2 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 𝑅2
5 45
1
′
𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 2 22/5 0 −4/5 2 0 0 −6/35
2 𝑨|𝑩 = 0 9/2 −5/2 ቮ −3/2
2 −1 3 1 𝑨|𝑩 = 0 9/2 0 ቮ −9/14
0 0 35/9 4/3 0 0 35/9 4/3
𝑨|𝑩 = 0 9/2 −5/2 อ −3/2
0 −2 5 2
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Sample Problems:
Given a system of linear equation
2𝑥1 − 𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 = 1 Solve for the values of 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 & 𝑥3 using:
1. Gauss Elimination Method
𝑥1 + 4𝑥2 − 𝑥3 = −1 2. Gauss Jordan Method
−2𝑥2 + 5𝑥3 = 2 3. Inverse of a Matrix Method
Solution:
2. Gauss Jordan Method
12 9
2 0 0 𝑥1 −6/35 (35/9)𝑥3 = 4/3 𝑥3 = 𝑅2′
→ 𝑅2 + 𝑅3
0 9/2 0 𝑥2 = −9/14 35 14
0 0 35/9 𝑥3 4/3 2 −1 3 1 2 22/5 0 −4/5
2𝑥1 −6/35 𝑨|𝑩 = 0 9/2 −5/2 ቮ −3/2 𝑨|𝑩 = 0 9/2 0 ቮ −9/14
(9/2)𝑥2 = −9/14 0 0 35/9 4/3 0 0 35/9 4/3
(35/9)𝑥3 4/3 ′
6 ′
44
𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 𝑅2
−3 5 45
2𝑥1 = −6/35 𝑥1 = 2 22/5 0 −4/5 2 0 0 −6/35
35
𝑨|𝑩 = 0 9/2 −5/2 ቮ −3/2 𝑨|𝑩 = 0 9/2 0 ቮ −9/14
−1 0 0 35/9 4/3 0 0 35/9 4/3
(9/2)𝑥2 = −9/14 𝑥2 =
7
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
Sample Problems:
Given a system of linear equation
2𝑥1 − 𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 = 1 Solve for the values of 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 & 𝑥3 using:
1. Gauss Elimination Method
𝑥1 + 4𝑥2 − 𝑥3 = −1 2. Gauss Jordan Method
−2𝑥2 + 5𝑥3 = 2 3. Inverse of a Matrix Method
Solution:
3. Inverse of a Matrix Method 𝑨 = 2 18 − −1 5 + 3 −2 = 35
2 −1 3 𝑥1 1 18/35 −1/35 −11/35
1 4 −1 𝑥2 = −1 1 18 −1 −11
𝑨−𝟏 = −5 10 5 = −5/35 10/35 5/35
0 −2 5 𝑥3 2 35
−2/35 4/35 9/35
−2 4 9
𝑨𝒙 = 𝑩
𝒙 = 𝑨−𝟏 𝑩 18/35 −1/35 −11/35 1 −3/35
−5/35 10/35 5/35 −1 = −1/7
−2/35 4/35 9/35 2 12/35
2 −1 3 18 5 −2 18 −5 −2 18 −1 −11 𝑥1 −3/35
1 4 −1 1 10 −4 −1 10 4 −5 10 5 𝑥2 = −1/7
0 −2 5 −11 −5 9 −11 5 9 −2 4 9 𝑥3 12/35