DIFFERENT TYPES

OF

CONICS SECTION
AND

DEGENERATE
CASES
 Conic Sections
Conic Sections are figures that can be formed by slicing a three
dimensional right circular cone with a plane. There are different ways to do this,
and each way yields a different figure. These figures can be represented on the
graph as well as algebraically. The four conic sections are circles, ellipses,
parabolas, and hyperbolas.

ITS BEEN STUDIED FOR A QUITE A LONG TIME. KEPLER FIRST NOTICED THAT
PLANETS HAD ELLIPTICAL ORBITS. DEPENDING ON THE ENERGY OF AN ORBITING BODY,
ORBIT SHAPES THAT ARE ANY OF THE FOUR TYPES OF CONIC SECTIONS ARE POSSIBLE.

A CONIC SECTION CAN BE FORMALLY DEFINED AS A SET OR LOCUS OF A POINT

THAT MOVES IN THE PLANE OF A FIXED POINT CALLED THE FOCUS AND THE FIXED LINE
IS CALLED THE DIRECTRIX.

IN THE NEXT PAGE WILL BE HAVING YOU ,WHAT DOES THE DIFFERENT OF EACH OTHER.
 CIRCLE
A CIRCLE IS FORMED BY CUTTING A CIRCULAR CONE WITH A PLANE
PERPENDICULAR TO THE SYMMETRY AXIS OF THE CONE. THIS INTERSECTION IS A
CLOSED CURVE, AND THE INTERSECTION IS PARALLEL TO THE PLANE GENERATING
THE CIRCLE OF THE CONE. A CIRCLE IS ALSO THE SET OF ALL POINTS THAT ARE
EQUALLY DISTANT FROM THE CENTER.

CENTER- IS AT THE ORIGIN

RADIUS-THE DISTANCE FROM THE CENTER TO THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF A
CIRCLE.IT IS HALF OF THE CIRCLE'S DIAMETER.

NOTE: THE STANDARD FORM IS;

“ AX2 + BY2 + DX + EY + F = 0’’

EQUATION OF A CICLE WITH CENTER

(X – Y)2 + (Y – K)2 = R2

EQUATION OF A CIRCLE WITH CENTER IS AT THE ORIGIN

X2 + Y2 = R2
 ELLIPSE
AN ELLIPSE LOOKS LIKE A CIRCLE THAT HAS BEEN SQUASHED INTO AN OVAL. LIKE
A CIRCLE, AN ELLIPSE IS A TYPE OF LINE. IMAGINE A STRAIGHT LINE SEGMENT THAT IS BENT AROUND
UNTIL ITS ENDS JOIN. THEN SHAPE THAT LOOP UNTIL IT IS AN ELLIPSE - A SORT OF 'SQUASHED CIRCLE'
LIKE THE ONE ABOVE. THINGS THAT ARE IN THE SHAPE OF AN ELLIPSE ARE SAID TO BE 'ELLIPTICAL'.

CENTER- THE POINT IN THE MIDDLE OF THE ELLIPSE IS CALLED THE CENTER AND IS NAMED (H, V) JUST LIKE THE VERTEX OF A
PARABOLA AND THE CENTER OF A CIRCLE.
MAJOR AXIS.- THE MAJOR AXIS IS THE LINE THAT RUNS THROUGH THE CENTER OF THE ELLIPSE THE LONG WAY. THE VARIABLE ’’A’’IS
THE LETTER USED TO NAME THE DISTANCE FROM THE CENTER TO THE ELLIPSE ON THE MAJOR AXIS. THE ENDPOINTS OF THE MAJOR
AXIS ARE ON THE ELLIPSE AND ARE CALLED VERTICES.
MINOR AXIS- THE MINOR AXIS IS PERPENDICULAR TO THE MAJOR AXIS AND RUNS THROUGH THE CENTER THE SHORT WAY. THE
VARIABLE ’’B’’. IS THE LETTER USED TO NAME THE DISTANCE TO THE ELLIPSE FROM THE CENTER ON THE MINOR AXIS. BECAUSE THE
MAJOR AXIS IS ALWAYS LONGER THAN THE MINOR ONE, A > B. THE ENDPOINTS ON THE MINOR AXIS ARE CALLED CO-VERTICES.
FOCI-THE FOCI ARE THE TWO POINTS THAT DICTATE HOW FAT OR HOW SKINNY THE ELLIPSE IS. THEY ARE ALWAYS LOCATED ON THE
MAJOR AXIS, AND CAN BE FOUND BY THE FOLLOWING;

EQUATION: A2 – B2 = F2 WHERE A AND B ARE MENTIONED AS IN THE PRECEDING BULLETS AND F IS THE DISTANCE FROM THE CENTER
TO EACH FOCUS.

REMEMBER ; CENTER- IS THE ORIGIN

FOCUS OR FOCI- BEFORE PASS THE VERTICES
VERTICES OR VERTEX- AFTER PASSI THE FOCI
CO-VERTICES OR CO-VERTEX- THE VERTICAL LINE KNOWN AS THE Y-AXIS.
ACTIVITY NO.1

1.This types of a conics that has no line.

2. distance from the center to the circumference of a

circle.It is half of the circle's diameter.
3. Equation of a cicle with center
(x – y)2 + (y – k)2 = r2

4. Equation of a circle with center is at the origin

x2 + y2 = r2
5. What does the standard form of a
circle.
 PARABOLA

PARABOLA IS THE SET OF POINTS IN A PLANE THAT ARE THE SAME DISTANCE FROM
A GIVEN POINT AND A GIVEN LINE IN THAT PLANE. THE GIVEN POINT IS CALLED
THE FOCUS, AND THE LINE IS CALLED THE DIRECTRIX. THE MIDPOINT OF THE
PERPENDICULAR SEGMENT FROM THE FOCUS TO THE DIRECTRIX IS CALLED
THE VERTEX OF THE PARABOLA. THE LINE THAT PASSES THROUGH THE VERTEX AND
FOCUS IS CALLED THE AXIS OF SYMMETRY (SEE FIGURE 1.)
FIGURE 1. TWO POSSIBLE PARABOLAS.

THE EQUATION WITH VERTEX AT (0,0)

(Y2 = 4ax)-horizontal Or Along X-axis ,Open Right
(Y = −4ax)- Horizontal Or Along X-axis ,Open Left
2

(X2 = 4ay)-vertical Or Along, Open Upward

(X2 = −4ay)- Vertical Or Along, Open Down
The equation of a parabola can be written also in two basic forms:
Form 1: y = a( x – h) 2 + k
Form 2: x = a( y – k) 2 + h
In Form 1, the parabola opens vertically. (It opens in the “ y” direction.) If a > 0, it
opens upward. Refer to Figure 1(a). If a < 0, it opens downward. The distance
from the vertex to the focus and from the vertex to the directrix line are the
same. This distance is equation
A parabola with its vertex at ( h, k), opening vertically, will have the following
properties
F- Is the focus.
D- Is the point where the directrix passes through,collinear with F and V
V- Is the midpoint of FD; it is the vertex of the parabola.
a- Is the distance VF and VD; it determines the opening and size of the parabola.
l/RS- Is the focal chord or also known as lactus rectum.
I- Is the axis of symmetry of the parabola; perpendicular to the directrix and focal
chord, and contains D, V, and F.
 HYPERBOLA
Parabola is a set of points in a plane whose distances to two fixed
points in the plane have a constant difference; a curve consisting of
two distinct and similar branches, formed by the intersection of a
plane with a right circular cone when the plane makes a greater
angle with the base than does the generator of the cone.