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N
The poles cannot exist
alone, but exists in pairs.
Magnetic Field
ʘ or ⊗
FB IlB sin
(22.0)(36.0)(0.500 10 4 )(sin 90)
3.96 10 2 N out of the paper
m V Al
8.92 10 3 2.50 10 6 36.0
0.803 kg
FG mg
0.8039.8 Under normal circumstances, the gravitational force
on a current-carrying conductor is much greater than
7.87 N the magnetic force due to Earth’s magnetic field.
Example 2
F 3.48 102
B 1.42 T
Il (0.245)(0.100)
Example 3: Loudspeaker
F ILB sin
Practice With Directions:
What is the direction of the force F on the
charge in each of the examples described
below?
X XF X X X X vX X
Up
X X Xv X X FX X X
+ Left +
X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X
F
Up
v
F
Right
- -
negative q v
Path of charge in magnetic field
(a) F q o vB sin
1.60 10 19
1.00 10 55.0 10 sin 90.0
5 6
19
8.80 10 N
F 5 x 10-3 N
q 5
= 31.3 nC
vB (4 x 10 m/s)(0.4 T)
The Motion of a Charged Particle in a
Magnetic Field
mv
The radius of
r
the path is: qB
Mass Spectrometer
Anode
+ −
Velocity selector Ion beam
Detector
Deflection
chamber
Ion Accelerator
Used to accelerate ions to desired velocity.
Atoms / Molecules are ionised in the ionisation chamber.
The ions are then accelerated through a potential
difference, ΔV.
Electric potential energy is
+ − converted into kinetic energy to
do work to accelerate the charge.
+ EPE KE
1 2
qV mv
ΔV 2
Velocity Selector
Used to select ions with a specific velocity for analysis
Ions pass through a region of crossed electric and
magnetic fields.
Only ions of a particular velocity are allowed to pass
through undeflected.
Bqv qE
E Bv (0.4)(1.17 105 ) 46800 N/C
Deflection Chamber
Used to separate ions according to their mass
The ions move perpendicularly to a constant magnetic
field.
A magnetic force perpendicular to the velocity of the ion
causes the ion to move in a semi-circular path.
The mass of the particle is
found by measuring the radius
FB Fc
mv 2
qvB
r
qBr Ions of different masses follow
m
v paths of different radii
Example 7
Deflection Chamber
E 1000
+
v
E v 2000 m/s
q- x x
+ B Photographic
B 0.5
x x
x x plate mv 2
R Bqv
x x
x x x x x x x R
slit x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x BqR (0.5)(1.6 1019 )(0.0728)
x x x x x x m m
x x x x v 2000
2.911024 kg
Electric Currents Produce Magnetic
Fields
Experiments shows that an electric current
produces a magnetic field.
A simple way to remember the Moving
direction of the magnetic field is
called a right-hand rule. charges
With your thumb produce
pointing in the magnetic
direction of the
current, your
fields
fingers encircle the
wire in the
direction of the
magnetic field
lines.
Magnetic Field Due to a Long Straight Wire
I
Example 9
Magnetic Field of a Long Wire
o I
B
2r
4 10 7 5.00
2 4.00 10 3
2.50 10 4 T into the page
F qvB sin
1.60 10 19 1.50 10 3 2.50 10 4 sin 90
6.00 10 20 N down
The Solenoid
r 0 N = 100
20 cm
turns
(12000)( 4 10 7 T A.m )
0.0151 T A.m
NI T m
(0.0151 )(100)(4 A)
I=4A
B A
30.2 T
l 0.200 m
herniated disc
compressing the nerves
of the spinal cord
A LONG, STRAIGHT WIRE
o I
B
2 r
F qvB sin
q
F
L
t
vt B sin o 4 10 7 T m A
I
permeability of
F ILB sin
free space