LIQUID DOSAGE

FORMS
PART I
 Allliquid dosage forms are dispersed
systems in which medical substance (the
internal phase) is dispersed uniformly
though-out the external phase. Medical
substances in liquid dosage form can be
in the different aggregate states: solid,
liquid and gas.
Physical and chemical
systems:
 real solutions
 colloid solutions
 suspensions
 emulsions
 infusions, decoctions, extracts and other.
Solution is a homogeneous mixture
composed of two or more substances.
In mixture, solute is dissolved in
another substance, known as a
solvent.
Liquid dosage forms can be
classified
by medical aplication:
 for internal use - ad usum іnternum
 for external use - ad usum externum
 for injection - pro іnjectіonіbus.
Liquid dosage forms for internal use name
usually mixtures (from the Latin word of
mіxturae - to mix up), the disperse phase
- water (only). They are measured out to
the patients independently by spoons
(table (soup)-spoon - 15 ml, dessert-
spoon - 10 ml, tea-spoon – 5ml.).
By composition

Simple- solutions which include

only one substance.
Multiple- solutions which include
a few ingredients.
By nature of solvent.

Hydrogen's
non-aqueous (alcoholic, glycerin,
oily).
BASIC TECHNOLOGICAL
OPERATIONS FOR
PREPARATION LIQUID
DOSAGE FORMS
Preparation of liquid dosage
forms consists of the
followings stages:

 1. Selection of bottles and corks.

 2. Weighting of medical substances.
 3. Measurement of solvent.
 4. Dissolution.
 5. Percolation or filtration.
 6. Packing.
Nomenclature of the concentrated solutions
which use for preparation mixtures
 5 % solution (1:20) sol. Natrii hydrocarbonatis
 10 % solutions (1:10) are sol. Natrii benzoates,
sol. Coffein natrii-benzoatis.
 20 % solutions (1:5) are sol. Natrii bromidi,
sol. Kalii bromidi, sol. Natrii iodidi, sol. Kalii
iodidi, sol. Natrii chloridi, sol. Kalii chloridi, sol.
Calcii chloride, sol. Hexamethylentetramini, sol.
Cloralii hydrati, sol. Natrii salicylati.
 25 % solution (1:4) sol. Magnii sulfati.
 For example, it is necessary to
prepare 1 L 20% solution of Kalii
bromidi.

All calculations can be conducted by two methods:

account the density of this solution
account the coefficient of increase of volume
Account the coefficient of increase of volume :
Quantity of water for preparation of the concentrated
solutions, can be expect using the coefficient of increase of
volume.
The coefficient of increase of volume (CIV) is coefficient,
which shows an increase of the volume of solution at
dissolution of a 1,0 gram of solid substance.
For Kalii bromidi CIV is 0,27.
Then 200,0 g of Kalii bromidi at dissolution will occupy a
volume 54 ml.
V= 0,27*200,0 = 54
Consequently, for a receipt to a 1 litre of a 20% solution it is
necessary to take 946 мл of the cleared water
1000-54=946ml
PREPARATION OF MIXTURES
 Rule of preparation mixtures:
 Atpreparation of dosage forms
hold to the set procedure of
dissolution and mixing of
medications taking into account
their physical and chemical
properties.
 Always at first measure a distilled water.
In the bottle in distilled water dissolve
solid substances in a next sequence – at
first narcotic, poisonous, strong affective,
then general list. (at first – heavily
soluble, and then – easily soluble), If sum
of solid substances more than 3 % take
into account the coefficient of increase of
volume.
 Percolation in a small bottle through the
double layers of gauze, or tampon
 Add the concentrated solutions from the
burette system, at first narcotics, after
that general list in order according to the
prescription
 Add not fragrant and non-flying liquids (
syrups, tinctures); then alcoholic liquids,
in the order of growth of concentration of
alcohol; are fragrant and volatile liquids
Rp: Analgіnі 3,0
Kalіі bromіdі 4,0
Aquae purіfіcatae 200ml
Tіncturae Beladonnae 8ml
Tіncturae Valerіanae 10ml
Mіsсe. Da.
Sіgna. 1 soup-spoon 3 times a day
 WCP (reverse side):
Total volume: 200ml+10ml+8ml=218ml.
Concentrated solution Kalіі bromіdі 20%
(1:5)
4,05=20ml.
Analgіnі 3,0
218 ml – 3,0
100 ml – Х Х = 1,7% (1,7% 3%)
Aquae purіfіcatae 200-20 = 180 ml
 WCP (front side):
Date prescription №
Aquae purіfіcatae 180ml
Analgіnі 3,0
Solutіonіs Kalіі bromіdі (1:5) 20ml
Tіncturae Beladonnae 8ml
Tіncturae Valerіanae 10ml
V total = 218 ml
Has prepared:
Has checked up:
 In porcelain cup measure off 180 ml of
cleared water and dissolve 3,0 of analgin.
Solution percolate through a piece of wool
in a small bottle for dispense. There
measure off 20 ml of solution potassium
bromide (1:5), then tincture of
Belladonna, in the last turn measure off
the tincture of valerian (prepared on a
70% alcohol). Glue on the number of
recipe, label "Mixture",, “Shake before
use ".
Rp: Kalіі іodіdі
Natrіі bromіdі aa 5,0
Glucosі 15,0
Aquae purіfіcatae 180ml
Mіsсe. Da. Sіgna. 1 tablespoon 3 times
a day.
At first determine the percentage of the
total glucose mixture.
180 ml - 15.0
100 ml – X X = 8,3%, more than 3%.
15.00,69=10,35(ml), is much more tolerance
than in 3,6 ml.

In this case calculation of amount of water for

recipe conduct by such method : the
concentrated solution- sodiums bromide 20%
(1:5) and potassium bromide 20% (1:5) it is
necessary to take for 25ml (5,0  5=25); water:
180ml-(25ml+25ml+10,35ml)=119,6ml
Technology of preparation following: in porcelain
cup measure off 120ml of water (better warm)
and dissolve a 15.0 glucose, percolate solution in
a small bottle for dispense; there measure off for
25ml 20% solution of potassium iodide and 20%
concentrated solution-sodium
bromide. Labels are "Mixture", to "Keep in a cool
place", number of recipe.
 WPC
Date № prescription
Aquae purіfіcatae 120ml
Glucosі 15,0
Solutіonіs Kalіі іodіdі (1:5) 25ml
Solutіonіs Natrіі bromіdі (1:5)
25ml
V total =180ml

Prepared:
Checked:
 WPC r.s.
Rp: Kalіі bromіdі
Natrіі bromіdі aa 2,0
Aquae Menthae ad 200ml
Mіsсe. Da. Sіgna. 1 table spoon 3 times a day.

WPC f.s.
Date № prescription
Aquae Menthae 200ml
Kalіі bromіdі 2,0
Natrіі bromіdі 2,0
V tot. = 200ml
Prepared:
Checked:
 Inthe case, when of the recipe as a
solvent prescribed flavored water is
allowed to use concentrated solutions
of powdery substances and Capacity
factor of increased do not use.
 Technology: measure off 200 ml of
water mint and dissolve in it 2.0
sodium bromide and potassium
bromide, and then filtered in the
bottle for dispensing.
THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION!