Respiratory System

Gas exchange
 W
O
R
K

• Why do we breathe? Think of T

all the reasons why we need O
G
a respiratory system. E
T
H
E
R
Respiratory system function
• Respiratory systems allow animals to
move oxygen (needed for cellular
respiration) into body tissues and
remove carbon dioxide (waste product of
cellular respiration) from cells.
 RESPIRATION

• OVERALL EXCHANGE OF GASES

AMONG THE ATMOSPHERE, THE
BLOOD AND THE CELLS
4 PHASES OF RESPIRATION
• BREATHING-the act of taking in air (inspiration) and out
of the lungs (expiration)
• EXTERNAL RESPIRATION-exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide between the air and the blood within the
lungs
• INTERNAL RESPIRATION-exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide between the blood and the body cells
• CELLULAR RESPIRATION-the process of using
oxygen to break down sugar in food, producing energy
(ATP) in cells and release carbon dioxide as a waste
product
 4. Cellular
respiration: release of
energy from food in
the presence of
oxygen
Human respiratory system
Upper Respiratory Tract
How airs enter our body?
• The air you breathe in is inhaled
through the nose, where it is filtered
through the openings called the
nostrils.
• Nasal passages serve as channel for
airflow through the nose in which the
air is warmed, cleaned and moistened
• Pharynx is a muscular tube in your upper throat that
leads to two passageways- esophagus (leads to
digestive system) and trachea(leads to respiratory
system)

• Epiglottis-a flap of tissue that closes the entrance to

the rest of the respiratory system when you swallow.
• Larynx- at the top of the trachea that contains two
elastic ligaments or vocal cords which produces voice. It
is also supported by several curved pieces of cartilage.
Two of the pieces are connected by a ridge known as
the Adam’s apple.
Lower Respiratory Tract
• Trachea (windpipe)-hollow tube that looks like a
vacuum cleaner hose and serves as the main
passageway of air into the lungs

• Lungs- main organ of the respiratory system that

are sponge-like organs located in the chest cavity,
bounded on the sides by the ribs and on the bottom
by the diaphragm (a powerful muscle nestled in the
bottom of the rib cage )

- It is surrounded by pleura, a thin membrane that

lessen friction by generating a fluid to lubricate the
lungs when it expands during breathing
• Before entering the lungs, the air reaches a place
where the trachea branches into two tubes – left and
right bronchi. The bronchi connect the trachea to the
lungs and branches out until they become narrower.

• Bronchioles are narrow tiny(hairlike) tubes that

connect to the air sacs.

• Alveoli- air sacs which are gateways for oxygen into

the body. The site of respiration in the lungs wherein
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes
place.
 Alveoli
• The alveoli are
moist, thin-walled
pockets which are
the site of gas
exchange.

• A slightly oily
surfactant prevents
the alveolar walls
from collapsing and
sticking together.
BREATHING: First Step in Respiration
• Four Types of Gas Exchange Systems

1. Integumentary exchange: occurs through the

skin

2. Gills: allows exchange of gases underwater

3. Tracheal systems: used by insects

4. Lungs: found in land animals

 Moving air in and out
• During inspiration
(inhalation), the
diaphragm and
intercostal muscles
contract.

• During exhalation,
these muscles
relax. The
diaphragm domes
upwards.
 External Respiration
• Each alveolus is surrounded by a network of tiny
blood vessels called capillaries. The walls of the
alveoli and the capillaries shared a fuse
basement. They are so close that oxygen and
carbon dioxide diffuse between the respiratory
system and the bloodstream. As a result , when
air enters the alveoli, oxygen in the air seeps
through the thin walls of the tiny sacs into the
surrounding capillaries and carbon dioxide leaves
the bloodstream and returns to the alveoli to be
blown out of your body with your next exhalation.
• Gas exchange between blood and air at
alveoli.

• O2 (oxygen) in air diffuses into blood.

• CO2 (carbon dioxide) in blood diffuses into air.

 Internal Respiration
• As blood slowly moves through the capillaries, it
picks up the oxygen and carries it to the cells
throughout the body. When the oxygen-rich blood
reaches the cells, it releases the oxygen. At the
same time, the blood picks up the carbon dioxide
produced by the cells during respiration and returns
it to the alveoli where it is released from your body.
• Gas exchange in capillaries between blood
and tissue cells.

• Oxygen in blood diffuses into tissues.

• Carbon dioxide waste in tissues diffuses into

blood.
Circulation and Gas Exchange

• Gas exchange at
the lungs and in the
body cells moves
oxygen into cells
and carbon dioxide
out.
Transport of Respiratory Gases

• Brings Oxygen from lungs to cells of the

body.

• Takes Carbon dioxide from the cells

throughout the body and return to the lungs to be
exhaled.
 Cellular Respiration
• is the metabolic process by which an organism
obtains energy through the reaction of oxygen
with glucose to produce water, carbon dioxide and
ATP, which is the functional source of energy for
the cell.

• The 3 steps of cellular respiration are glycolysis,

the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
 The air of ideas
is the only air
worth breathing.

~Edith Wharton

That In All Things God May Be Glorified!

END!!!!