INUNDATION

 The term inundation means flooding of an

area by sudden inrush of water.

 MINE INUNDATION:
 Mine inundation means, catastrophic inflow of
water in mine workings.
 Inundation of mines endangers the safety of
men, material, machinery and mine structures.
MINE INUNDATION

 CLASSIFICATION OF MINE
INUNDATION:
 The classification of mine inundation is
necessary in order to understand the cause of
sudden inflow.
 And on the basis of this classification one must
have to provide remedial measures to prevent
in first place and control such inundations.
CLASSIFICATION OF MINE
INUNDATION

1. Event controlled inundation,

2. Accidental inundation, and

3. Spontaneous inundation.
CLASSIFICATION OF MINE INUNDATION
1.EVENT CONTROLLED INUNDATION
 This type of mine inundation is governed by
the following factors;
• Subsidence patterns around coal mining
workings,
• Hydrology of rock mass
• Geological structures and discontinuities,
• Major and periodic roof falls in the goaf.
CLASSIFICATION OF MINE INUNDATION
2.ACCIDENTAL INUNDATION
 This type of inundation takes place due to the
following reasons;
• Accidental connection between present
workings or boreholes to old waterlogged mine
workings
• Accidental connection to unstable fluidic strata
with the natural water bodies,
• Sudden and unprecedented inflow of surface
water to mine workings.
CLASSIFICATION OF MINE INUNDATION
3.SPONTANEOUS INUNDATION
 This type of inflows occurs when following
conditions are there;

• Presence of large quantities of water,

• Development of high hydraulic pressure

sufficient to overcome pressure losses due to
flow through protective barriers or structural
discontinuities,
CLASSIFICATION OF MINE INUNDATION
3.SPONTANEOUS INUNDATION
• The mining in the vicinity of Karst aquifers
(rough limestone country with underground
drainage),

• In coal mining district of Dorog, Hungary,

about 410 inrushes since the beginning of 17th
century out of which 95% had been caused by
flow through fault within the protective
barrier
EFFECT OF WATERIN MINES

 There are many effects of water in mines as

well as out side mine.
 There are two classes of effects of water in
mines,
I. Direct effect of water in mines,

II. In-Direct effect of water in mines

I- DIRECT EFFECT OF WATER IN
MINES
 This includes;
a) The blocking of mine entries to the passage of
air and haulage by accumulation of water,

b) Interruption of production and damage to

mine workings, possibly even in certain cases
loss of life due to sudden inrushes of water in
mine,
c) Increased cost of removing of water from
mine,
DIRECT EFFECT OF WATER IN MINES

d) Interference with haulage, especially water

can cause poor traction for rubber typed
equipment resulting in deterioration as it
washes away ballast.
INDIRECT EFFECT OF WATER(INSIDE
MINE)
 This includes;
a) The water may freeze in shafts and slopes
during winter seasons, severely hampering
and causing the suspension of equipment
operation
b) It reduces the efficiency of workers,

c) It increases the maintenance need of

equipment more than often, especially
electrical cables, corroding hoist ropes, etc.
INDIRECT EFFECT OF WATER(INSIDE
MINE)
d) It promote deterioration of roof rock and
reduces the stability of rock mine structure,

e) It interfere with the blasting operation,

resulting in the reduction of efficiency of
explosive,

f) It can make preparation difficult, preluding,

for example, use of air
INDIRECT EFFECT OF WATER(INSIDE
MINE)

g) It washes weak grounds into mine openings,

h) It carries with it dissolved gases in some

mines.
INDIRECT EFFECT OF WATER(OUTSIDE
MINE)

This includes;
a) Increase moisture in mineral product , thus
increasing the shipping and handling cost,
b) Effluents from mines may pollute surface
water,

c) Excessive lowering of water table can result

in surface subsidence.