Matakuliah : H0122 / Dasar Telekomunikasi

Tahun : 2008

Modulasi Amplitudo
Pertemuan 3

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 Learning Outcomes

Mahasiswa dapat menjelaskan tujuan modulasi,

proses dan jenis modulasi amplitudo.

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 Outline Materi

• Pengertian modulasi
• Tujuan Modulasi
• Proses Modulasi Amplitudo
• Klasifikasi Modulasi Amplitudo

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 Pengertian

• Modulasi ialah proses untuk mengkombinasikan suatu sinyal

yang berisi informasi dengan sinyal lain.
• Persamaan matematikanya:
– ec(t) = Ec(t) cos (ωct + Φ(t))
dengan
• ωc = 2f c
• ec = sinyal termodulasi (gelombang carrier )
• Ec(t) = envelope dari ec(t)
• Φ(t) = deviasi fasa dari ec(t)
• f c = frekuensi carrier

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 Introduction

• Amplitude Modulation is the process of changing the

Amplitude of a relatively high frequency carrier signal in
accordance with the amplitude of the modulating signal
(Information).
• AM Modulators are nonlinear devices with 2 inputs
• A single, high frequency of carrier signal of constant-
amplitude carrier signal
• The low frequency information signal.
• The Output of AM Modulator is called Modulated Wave and
the shape of the Modulated Wave is called AM Envelope.
• It is often used for commercial broadcasting of both audio
and video signals.

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 AM Waveform

• Generally.
• Carrier Signal => VCsin(2fct)
• Modulating Signal => Vmsin(2fmt)
• Modulated Wave => Vam(t)
• For Double sideband full carrier (DSBFC) AM
waveform consists of:
• DC voltage
• The carrier frequency fc
• Lower side frequency (fc - fm)
• Upper side frequency (fc + fm)
 Known as AM envelope

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 Indeks Modulasi

• Indeks Modulasi :
M = (modulated peak voltage-unmodulated carrier
voltage)/(unmodulated carrier voltage), dengan 0<m<1

Ec
mEc mEc
2 2

f
fc-fm fc fc + fm

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 AM Waveform

• The AM waveform reaches maximum value when the

modulating signal amplitude is at maximum value.
• The AM waveform reaches minimum value when the
modulating signal amplitude is at maximum negative.
• The repetition rate of the envelope is equal to the
frequency of the modulating signal, and the shape of
the envelope is identical to the shape of the modulating
signal.

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 AM Waveform

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 Frequency Spectrum

Carrier
Lower side band Upper side band
Amplitude

Lower side Upper side

frequencies frequencies

fc-fm(max) fc fc+fm(max) Frequency

• The Frequency Spectrum of AM DBSFC is shown below:

• Frequencies between fc-fcmax and fc is called lower side band
(LSB)
• Frequencies between fc and fc+fmmax is called upper side band
(USB)
• The Bandwidth of AM DBSFC is FB = 2fm (max)
• AM signal does not contain modulating signal frequency

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 Modulation Index

• Modulation index is an indicator to describe the amount of

amplitude change (modulation) present in an AM waveform
(depth of modulation), basically stated in form of
percentage.
• It is defined mathematically as :
m = Em / Ec
• m = modulation coefficient (unitless)
• Em = peak change in the amplitude of the output
waveform voltage
• Ec = peak change in the amplitude of the
unmodulated carrier voltage
• Percent modulation:
M= m x 100%

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 Indeks Modulasi

• Indeks modulasi dan daya sinyal :

Pt = Pc [1+ {m2/2}]
• dengan
– Pt = daya total
– Pc = daya carrier

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 Indeks Modulasi

0<m<1 m=1
m>1

mod 100 % (over-modulation)

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 Klasifikasi AM

• Klasifikasi modulasi amplitudo linier:

– Double side band (DSB)
• ec(DSB) = emEc(t) sin ωct
• Bandwidth : BT = 2 fm

e(t)
e(t)

t f
1/2T T
fm

t 
fc
LSB USB
t

fc - fm fc f c + fm

BT=2 fm
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 Klasifikasi AM

• Single side band (SSB)

– Bandwidth : BT = fm
• Vestigial side band (VSB)
– Bandwidth : BT = fm + α, where α < fm
• Bandwidth DSB, SSB, and VSB:
– BT(SSB) < BT(VSB) < BT(DSB)

SSB USB

=30% fm =30%
fw

Modulasi Filter
DSB VSB
 fc fc +  fc + fm
2

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 AM Transmitter Diagram

Antenna

Modulating AM modulator
signal and output
source power amplifier

Carrier driver

RF carrier
oscillator

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 AM Receiver Diagram

Mixer/
RF Bandpass Bandpass
converter
section Filter filter
section

Bandpass AM Bandpass
IF section
filter detector filter

Audio
section

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 Summary

• Telah dipelajari karakteristik modulasi amplitudo

• Telah dipelajari peran sidebands.

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