CARE ENHANCEMENT QUALITIES

Objective :
Demonstrate the caring behavior in all his/her
activities as manifested by effective
communication and accurate decision-making
NURSES MAKES DECISION
IN THE COURSE OF
SOLVING PROBLEMS
 It is a series of steps designed to help
you organize information available in
order to come up with the possible
solution to the problem.
 STEPS:
1.Assessment- Collect Data
- List as much information concerning
the problem. It is important to state
the data objectively as possible.
Describe observed behavior instead
of your interpretation of that
behavior.
 2. DIAGNOSIS- Define the problem
-The Data is analyzed according to its
patterns as well as clues to the
underlying dynamics of the situation,
remembering that there often
multiple rather than single factors at
work when a problem arises.
 3. PLAN: Select Strategies
- Break the problem down into
components and establish priorities,
set goals and measurable objectives
and plan appropriate actions. Also
determine probable outcomes for
each alternative.
 4. Implementation: Take action
Planned activities are put into action. As you
put your plan into action, the response
you will get will tell you whether to
proceed or to go back and think of the
process again.
Evaluation: Evaluate
results
You need to critically analyze the
data you are collecting, evaluate
the responses that you are getting
or both. Your evaluation should
provide clues for future action.
COMMUNICATION
 The process of sharing information or the
process of generating and transmitting
meanings.
 Social interactions among people are
necessary to fulfill some of their most
elemental psychosocial needs, such as love,
affection and recognition.
 Elements of communication process
1. Referent –or stimulus motivates a
person to communicate with another. It
may be an object, emotion, idea or act.
2. Sender – also called encoder, is the
person who initiates the interpersonal
communication or message.
3. Message- is the information that is sent
or expressed by the sender.
4. Channels – are means of conveying messages
such as through visual, auditory, and tactile
sense.
5. Receiver- also called the decoder, is the
person to whom the message is sent.
6. Feedback – helps to reveal whether the
meaning of the message is received.
Elements of Communication
process
Interpersonal
variables

channel
referent referent

message
sender receiver

feedback
Modes of communication

1. Verbal communication- involves

spoken or written words. Words are tools
or symbols used to express ideas or
feelings, arouse emotional responses or
describe objects, observation, memories
or inferences.
 2. Non-verbal
communication
• Is transmission of messages
without the use of words. We
continuously communicate non-
verbally in every face-to-face
encounter. Gestures impart
meanings that are more
powerful than words.
METHODS OF EFFECTIVE

COMMUNICATION
 1. Listening Attentively

Demonstrates interest in the client’s needs,

concerns and problems. Listening can be
facilitated by maintaining eye contact,
remaining relaxed and using appropriate
touch techniques.
 -Demonstrates the interviewer’s willingness to
listen to the client’s beliefs, values and
practices without being judgmental.

3. Asking related questions –When asking

questions, the interviewer word patterns in
the client’s normal sociocultural pattern
-
4.Pa ra phra sing
- It p ro vid e s a n o p p o rtu nity to va lid a te
in fo rm a tio n fro m th e c lie n t w ith o u t c h a n g in g
th e m e a n in g o f th e sta te m e n t.
- 5. Cla rifying - Fa c ilita te s c o rre c t
c o m m unic a tio n o f info rm a tio n. It is a c hie ve d b y
a sking the c lie nt to re sta te the info rm a tio n b y
p ro vid ing a n e xa m p le .
6- FOCUSING
-eliminates vagueness in communication. Limits
the area of discussion and helps the
interviewer direct attention to pertinent aspects
of a client’s message.
7. STATING OBSERVATION
- Provides the client with client feedback about
how the interviewer observes behaviour ,
action, facial expression or activities.
8. OFFERING INFORMATION
-Allows the interviewer to clarify , initiate health
teachings and identify and correct
misconceptions.
9. SILENCE
- It is helpful for making observations and
provides the interviewee with time to organize
thoughts and present complete information to
the interviewer.
10. SUMMARIZING
- -Condenses the idea into an organized review .
It validates the data because the client has the
opportunity to confirm that they are correct. It
indicates the end to a particular part of the
interview.
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
1. Giving an opinion
- Takes decision- making away from the client. It inhibits
spontaneity.
2. Offering false reassurance
3. Being defensive
- Defensiveness in response to criticism suggest that the
interviewee has no right to an opinion.
4. Showing approval or disapproval
- Expressing excessive approval can be a harmful to the
interviewee- interviewer relationship as stating
disapproval. Offering excessive praise implies that the
behavior being praised is only the acceptable one.
5. Stereotyping
- Are generalized beliefs held about people . The use of
stereotypes inhibit communication and can threaten an
interviewee- interviewer relationship.

- 6. Asking Why
- -”why” questions can cause resentment , insecurity and
mistrust. “Why” questions are interpreted as accusations.
 - abruptly interrupting
conversation is rude and
shows lack of empathy.
RECORDING AND
DOCUMENTATION
 Information gathered from
interviewee should be documented
and recorded in the appropriate
place, unless the information is
confidential in nature.
 The information must be complete,
accurate, relevant and in factual
manner.
CARING
 Caring is simple using the other people
to satisfy one’s needs.
 Caring is helping another grow and
actualize himself , is a process – a way
of relating to someone that involves
development, mutual trust and
deepening and qualitative
transformation of relationship.
 CARING ELEMENTS
• 1. Humanistic-Altruistic value
system- This refers to the
individual’s ability to be in touch
reality and give self in service of
others. The person learns to be
generous of self without counting the
cost.
2. FAITH AND HOPE
• Faith is the person’s adherence
to what is good and real,
personified in our creator. Hope
is the propelling motor that
keeps one going even through
rough ways. Faith and hope are
the theological virtues that
refine the person’s gift of
caring.
3.Sensitivity to self and
others
 This is the ability of the individual to
feel and realize one’s needs,
weaknesses, and strenghts. The
person is keen, prevenant and
attentive.
4. Helping-Trust Relationship

This is possible when both

the carer and the caree are
mutual helping trust
relatonship
5. The ability to accept positive and negative
expression of feelings

 The negative feelings are those that

emanate from frustrations, discouragements
and disappointments; but the person is able
to cope because he or she counts the
blessings and capitalizes these rather than
the negative feelings.
6. Interpersonal Teaching and
Learning Abilities
 The individual should be an educator and
is able to impart the knowledge to
modify one’s behaviour. There is
ceaseless desire to learn in order to
improve self.
7. Personality type

 Each person is unique.

 Type A-Intensive, acute ,compulsive
personality.
 Type B- Fun loving , joyous, indulgent
individual.
 The carer is able to identify which ever
personality type suits any particular
situation.
 8. Solid family background
 The seebed of well-balanced individual in his
behaviour and conduct of life is an important
factor in shaping and caring a person.
 ONE CAN ONLY GIVE WHAT HE HAS.
9.Experience of having
been loved and the ability
to love
 Love is an integral part in the growth
and development of man. The quality of
love the child receives at home influence
in her own way of giving or receiving
love.
10. SPIRITUAL LIFE

 The individual’s intimate relationship

with GOD guides her/his relationship
with others.
 The more spiritual the person is, the finer
is the regard and relatedness with others.
11. Sense of humor

• The ability to laugh at ones mistakes

is in itself a form of therapy. Humor
relaxes tension and makes one feels at
ease with ones self and others.
12. Relaxed Attitude
 If one is comfortable , his vision is broader
and accommodates more things in his heart
and mind. This is possible only when the
person is relaxed and free from fear and
anxiety.
13. Open mindedness

• This is the ability to reflect on the

others viewpoint with the premise
that one does not have the
monopoly of ideas and that one
will always learn from the others.
14. Quick decision making

 This is the ability of the individual to

perceive the issues, considering both the
pros and cons. The ability to choose
between two sides is one important asset
in learning to prioritize care and devotion.