IP Addressing & Subnetting

Engr. Carlo Ferdinand C. Calma, CCNA

Overview

IP Address
1 Types & Classes

Subnetting
2 Advantages & Disadvantages
Utilization & Application in Network

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IP Address

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Definition
• Connectionless, unreliable, best-effort delivery protocol.
• Accepts data which is passed down from the upper
layers and forwards the data in form of IP Packets.
• All the nodes are identified using an IP address.
• Packets are delivered from the source to the destination
using IP address

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IP address is for the INTERFACE of a host

• The address is made up of 32 binary bits divisible into a

network and host portion with help of a subnet mask.
• 32 bb are broken into four octets (1 octet = 8 bits)
• Address 0.0.0.0, 127.0.0.1 and 255.255.255.255
carries special meaning.
• Dotted decimal format (e.g. 172.16.81.100)

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IP Address Format: Dotted Decimal Notation

The binary-to-decimal and decimal-to-binary

conversion will be detailed later in this course.
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Network Masks
Distinguishes which portion of the address identifies the
network and node.
Default masks:
• Class A: 255.0.0.0
• Class B: 255.255.0.0
• Class C: 255.255.255.0

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IP Address, Subnet Mask and Gateway

IPa 172.31.1.0 Subnet Mask of 255.255.240.0

subnet address ranges from 172.31.0.0 to 172.31.15.255

Network Ad Broadcast Ad
reserved and cannot be assigned to any node

Gateway Ad: Address of router where the packet should be sent

in case the destination host does not belong to the same subnet
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IP Address Classes: The First Octet

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IP Address Ranges

*127 (01111111) is a Class A address reserved for loopback

testing and cannot be assigned to a network.
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Reserved Address

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Public IP Addresses

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Private Addresses

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Questions?

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