Introduction

What is EIA?

Process of EIA

Case study and drawbacks in Indian EIA

 Introduction

• Development and environment= Inseparable

• Purpose of identifying the potential beneficial and
adverse impact of developmental projects on the
environment.
• Taken into account all environmental, social ,
cultural, and aesthetic consideration.
• National Environmental Policy Act(NEPA),
1970,USA
• In INDIA-1980-UNDER 4th FIVE YEAR
PLAN(1969-1978)
 Objective of EIA…

• To ensure that development is sustained with

minimal environmental degradation.
• Addressing potential impacts at early stage of
project planning and designing.
 What is EIA?

• Principle 17 of Rio declaration states that..

“EIA as a national instrument shall be undertaken
for the proposed activities that are likely to have
significant adverse impact on the environment and
are subject to a decision of a competent national
authority.”
• EIA is an exercise to be carried out before any
project or major activity is undertaken to ensure
that it will not in any way harm the environment
on a short term or long term basis.
Conti….

• Till, 1980,- subjects of environment and forest

comes under The Dept. of Science & Technology
& Ministry of Agriculture.
• 1985- Ministry of Environment & Forest
• 1994- Notification was issued under section 3 & 5
of the environment protection act, 1986 called
“ ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT
NOTIFICATION 1994”
 Project covered…

» Industry and mining

» Irrigation and power
» Transport and communication
» River valley projects
» Chemical plants
» Nuclear power plant
Etc.
 Process of EIA…

• Two tier assessment before proceeding with main

EIA.
• 1) Screening: clear those project, which from past
experience are not likely cause significant
environmental problem.
• 2)Preliminary Assessment : It involves sufficient
research, review of available data & expert advice
in order to identify the key Impacts of project on
local envi., predict the extent of the impacts &
evaluate their importance to decision makers
Conti..

• Formation of EIA Team or EAC(environmental

appraisal committee)
• Scoping: The aim of scoping is to ensure that the
study address all the issues of importance to the
decision makers.
MAIN EIA
IDENTIF
ICATIO
• What will happen as a result of the project ? N

• What will be the extent of the changes? PREDICTIO

N
• Do the changes matter? EVALUATI
ON
• What can be done about them ? MITIGATION

• How can decision makers be informed of what

needs to be done?DOCUMENTATIO
N
 Public Hearing process in India

• Public participation- essential element in EIA

• It is a measure to disclosure all the relevant
information regarding a developmental project to
various sections of society which are either
affected by its implementation or have interest in
project.
• SALIENT FEATURE;1) Notice for public hearing
(SPCB) 2)Involvement of the public , 3) Who can
participate, 4) Access to documents, 4)public
hearing panel and its members
 Case study…

• SURAT LIGNITE POWER PROJECT :GIPCL

install lignite based power plant at village Nani –
Naroli, Ta Mangrol, Di. Surat, Gujarat.
• EIA done by NEERI
• The baseline data collected for air , noise, water,
land and biological component of environment
along with existing socio economic status in
project area have formed the basis for
identification, prediction and evaluation of
impacts as well as mitigation.
 Drawbacks in Indian system…

Applicability of the EIA notification

Monitoring , compliance and institutional arrangement

Capacity building and redressal

SPCB which are responsible for conducting public hearing are not
equipped in manpower or infrastructure

Many EIA report are based on single season data and sometimes
there may be reports with false data

Lack of expertise in EAC

Thank You
PRESENTED BY : KALYANI SAWARKAR