General

Mathematics
 Course Outline
I. Understanding Functions
a. Types of functions
b. Evaluating a function
c. Operation and composition
of functions
d. Application problems involving
functions
II. Rational Functions
a. Difference between rational
function, rational equation and
rational inequality
b. Inequalities
III. Domain and Range of a rational function
a. Intercepts
b. Zeroes
c. Asymptotes
d. Application problems involving rational
functions, rational equations and
inequalities
IV. Exploring Inverse Functions
a. Determine the inverse of a function
b. Find the domain and range of an inverse
function
c. Solve problems involving Inverse function
V. Exploring Exponential Function
a. Find the domain and range of an exponential
function
b. Determine the intercepts, zeroes and
asymptotes of an exponential function
c. Solve problems involving exponential functions
VI. Logarithmic Function
a. Represent a logarithmic function
b. Illustrate the laws of logarithms
c. Find the domain and range of logarithmic function.
d. Solve problems involving logarithmic functions.
VII. Algebraic Equations
a. Linear and Literal Equations
b. Quadratic Equations
c. Equations leading to Quadratic forms
(Polynomial, Rational and Radical)

VIII. Solving Inequalities

a. Linear and Polynomial
b. Rational
c. Exponential and logarithmic
IX. Solving Systems of Linear Equations involving
two or three variables and Non-Linear
Equations
A man lives on the tenth floor of a building.
Every day he takes the elevator to go down to
the ground floor to go to work or to go
shopping. When he returns he takes the
elevator to the seventh floor and walks up the
stairs to reach his apartment on the tenth floor.
He hates walking so why does he do it?
In many real life situations, there are quantities
that depend on one or more variables.
Ex. 1. The amount of salary an employee receives
depends on the number of days he/she works.
2. The electricity bill is determined by the
number of kilowatts consumed.
3. A group of students hires a choreographer who
charges P250 per hour on top of his/her service
call of P400. Model the problem so that the
students can take care of the payment, given their
lesson may last between 3 to 7 hours.
( let ‘x’ be equal to the number of hours and ‘y’
equal to the amount of payment)
A function is a correspondence between two sets,
the domain and the range , such that for every value
in the domain (x), there corresponds exactly one
value in the range (y). May be described using a set
of ordered pairs, an equation or graphs.
y = f (x)
“y is a function of x”
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Ex.1. List down the domain and range of the function
described below;
{(5,9), (0,3),(3,1),(11,7)}
*A function represented by a set of ordered pairs means
that no two pairs have the same first coordinate or has
the same (x) value.
2 1
Ex.1. Determine if {(a,𝑥 ),( 𝑦, ),(13,2d),(q,st)}
𝑧
represents a function.
Ans. Yes (one to one)
2. Determine if { Phil., Manila), (Indonesia ,
Jakarta), (Thailand, Bangkok), (Indonesia , Bali)
represent a function.
Ans. No (one to many)
*Function represented by an equation
Ex. Determine if f(x) = 3x2 represent a function
Ans. Yes (many to one)
Ex. Determine if f(x) = 𝑥 represents a function
Ans. Yes ( one to one)
• The vertical line test – a function is a set of
ordered pairs where in no two ordered pairs
have the same first element.
Types of Functions
• Polynomial functions, is in the form
Anxn + An-1xn-1 +….A1x1 + A0
• Constant function, is in the form f(x) = C
• Linear function is in the form f(x) = mx + b
• Quadratic function is in the form
f(x) = ax2 +bx + c
• Cubic function is in the form
f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d
Piecewise function – is a function defined by different
formulas on different parts
x - 2, x ≤ -2
Ex.1. Graph f(x)=
3x2 – 5, x > - 2
Ex.2. A bicycle rental store in a certain park charges a
rate of P100 for three hours or less, however the store
charges P23 per hour on usage beyond three hours.
a. Represent the problem by a piecewise function
b. How much will a boy pay for renting a bike for 5 hrs?
( let x = no of hours of bike usage)
A woman had two sons who were born on the same
hour of the same day of the same month of the
same year. But they were not twins. How could this
be so?
Evaluating Functions

Ex.1. if f(x) = 4x2 – 5x + 3, evaluate the following:

2
a. f(1/4) b. f ( )c. f(x +1)
2
Ex.2. Evaluating piecewise function
x3 + 2x , x ≥ 6

3
h(x) = , -5 ≤ x < 6
2𝑥

2(x+4)2 + 10, x<-5

Find: a. h(-10) b. h(1/2) c. h(6)

Operations on Functions
• Addition and subtraction of functions
To add or subtract functions f(x) and g(x),
use the formula (f ± g)(x) = f(x) ± g(x).

Ex.1 . If f(x) = 6x2 -12x -19 and

g(x) = x3 – x2 + 8x -1 ,
Find: a. (f + g)(x) and b. (f-g) (x)
3 𝑥
Ex.2. If f(x) = 2 and g(x) = ,
𝑥 −1 𝑥 −1
Find: ( f + g ) (x)
Domain and Range of Functions:
Domain is the set of all x-coordinates while the Range is
the set of all y-coordinates in the set of ordered pairs.
Determine the domain and range of the following:
1. A = {(1,2), (2,3),(3,4)}
Ans. D = {1,2,3} R = {2,3,4}
2. f(x) = 2x – 3
Ans. D = { x/x є R} R = { y/y є R}
3. f(x) = 𝑥 2
Ans. D = {x/x є R} R = { y/y ≥ 0 }
4. f(x) = │-2x │
Ans. D = {x/x є R} R = { y/y ≥ 0 }
A man died and went to Heaven. There were
thousands of other people there. They were all naked
and all looked as they did at the age of 21. He looked
around to see if there was anyone he recognized.
He saw a couple and he knew immediately that they
were Adam and Eve. How did he know?
1. Multiplication and Division of functions
• To multiply functions f(x) and g(x), use the
formula (f · g) (x) = f(x) · g(x)
Ex.1. If f(x) = x3 -27 and h(x) = 4x -1,
find (f · h)(x).
• To divide functions use the formula
𝑓(𝑥)
( f/g) (x) =
𝑔(𝑥)
Ex.2. If f(x) = x3 -27 and g(x) =x2 + 3x + 9
Find (f/g) (x)
1. Multiplication and Division of functions
• To multiply functions f(x) and g(x), use the
formula (f · g) (x) = f(x) · g(x)
Ex.1. If f(x) = x3 -27 and h(x) = 4x -1,
find (f · h)(x).
• To divide functions use the formula
𝑓(𝑥)
( f/g) (x) =
𝑔(𝑥)
Ex.2. If f(x) = x3 -27 and g(x) =x2 + 3x + 9
Find (f/g) (x)
 𝑥 2 −3𝑥 −28 𝑥 2 −5𝑥+4
Ex.3. If f(x) = and g(x) =
𝑥 2 −8𝑥+16 𝑥 2 −49
Find: a.( f · g ) (x) b. (f/g) (x)

Composition of Functions
Given two functions f(x) and g(x),
the composite function denoted by
(f ◦ g) (x) = f(g(x)), similarly (g ◦ f)(x) = g(f(x))
Ex.1. Given f(x) = x2 – 6 and g(x) = 3x + 2,
Find: a. (f ◦ g) (x) b. (g ◦ f )(x)
3 𝑥+2
Ex.2. Given f(x) = x , g(x) = , h(x) =6x -7
3𝑥 −1
Find: a. (f ◦ f)(x) and (f ◦ f)(2)
b. (g ◦ h) (x) and (g ◦ h) (-1)
A black man dressed all in black, wearing a black
mask, stands at a crossroads in a totally black-
painted town. All of the streetlights in town are
broken. There is no moon. A black-painted car
without headlights drives straight toward him, but
turns in time and doesn't hit him. How did the driver
know to swerve?
1. A student earned 6 units after enrolling for a
semester, then he took a leave for one year. Upon
returning, he is to finish all the 150 units that he
needs. In how many semesters does he need to
enroll if he takes 9 units of subjects every semester?

2. The area of a rectangle is 420 cm2. The length of

the rectangle is one less than thrice its width.
What are the dimensions of the rectangle?