Technical Seminar Presentation - 2005

“Wireless ATM
&
Congestion Control”
Presented by
Plaban Kumar Rout Roll# EC200117047
At
NIST,Berhampur
Under the guidance of
Mr. Dutikrushna Panda

Presented by :- Plaban Kumar Rout (EC200117047)

Technical Seminar Presentation - 2005

Wireless Technologies ?
Wireless LAN technologies comprise of infrared (IR), UHF radio,
spread spectrum, and microwave radio, ranging from frequencies
in the region of GHz in Europe (900 MHz in the U.S.) to infrared
frequencies

Spread Spectrum (CDMA)

 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

Presented by :- Plaban Kumar Rout (EC200117047)

Technical Seminar Presentation - 2005

ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)

In ATM networks, the data is divided into small, fixed length units
called cells. The cell is 53 bytes. Each cell contains a 5-byte
header, which comprises of identification, control priority and
routing information. The rest 48 bytes are the actual data. There
are two fundamental types of ATM connections
Permanent Virtual Connections (PVC)
Set up by some external mechanism,typically network
management.
 Switched Virtual Connections (SVC)
Set up automatically through signaling protocol,does not
require the manual interaction needed to set up PVCs
How ATM Works?

Presented by :- Plaban Kumar Rout (EC200117047)

Technical Seminar Presentation - 2005

Wireless ATM
ATM is considered to reduce the complexity of the
network and improve the flexibility while providing
end-end consideration of traffic performance.
 Wireless ATM Components
 Fixed Wireless Components
 Mobile End Users
 Mobile Switches with Fixed End Users
 Mobile Switches with Mobile End Users
 Interworking with PCS
 Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Presented by :- Plaban Kumar Rout (EC200117047)

Technical Seminar Presentation - 2005

Key Issues
 Architecture

Wireless Base Station Connected Through An ATM Switch

Presented by :- Plaban Kumar Rout (EC200117047)

 Technical Seminar Presentation - 2005

Cell Size
The ATM cell size (53 bytes) is designed for 64kbps or higher.
Each cell contains a 5-byte header, which comprises of identification,
control priority and routing information. The rest 48 bytes are the
actual data. There are two fundamental types of ATM connections
Virtual Circuit Management And Packet Routing
Each processor that attaches to the ATM switch maintains a virtual
connection to each other processor over which it passes data packets.
The processors use a second, separate virtual circuit for routing
updates.
Physical Layer
The physical layer includes all hardware components and the
wireless connections. This includes the high speed radios, order
wire packet radios, ATM switch, antennas, and additional processor
for configuration and setup.
Presented by :- Plaban Kumar Rout (EC200117047)
Technical Seminar Presentation - 2005

Media Access Control (MAC)

Relation of wireless network (PCN) protocol layers of ATM

Presented by :- Plaban Kumar Rout (EC200117047)

Technical Seminar Presentation - 2005

Data Link Layer

Network Locations and Connection Establishment
Mobile ATM
 Handover
 Location Management
 Routing
 Addressing
 Traffic and QoS Control
 Wireless Network Management

Presented by :- Plaban Kumar Rout (EC200117047)

Technical Seminar Presentation - 2005

Why Congestion Control Needed?

A Network with High Speed Links

Presented by :- Plaban Kumar Rout (EC200117047)

Technical Seminar Presentation - 2005

Generic Functions
 Connection Admission Control
 Usage Parameter Control
 Priority Control
 Traffic Shaping
 Leaky Bucket Algorithm

Presented by :- Plaban Kumar Rout (EC200117047)

 Technical Seminar Presentation - 2005

 Network Resource Management

Responsible for the allocation of network resources in order to
separate traffic flows.
 Frame Discard
It may be better to drop all cells of one frame than to randomly
drop cells belonging to different frames
 Feedback Control
The set of actions taken by the network and by the end-systems
to regulate the traffic submitted on ATM connections according
to the state of network elements.
 ABR Flow Control
The ABR service category uses the link capacity that is left over
and is applied to transmit critical data that is sensitive to cell loss

Presented by :- Plaban Kumar Rout (EC200117047)

Technical Seminar Presentation - 2005
Some Early Debates
 Open-Loop Vs Close-Loop
1st one do not need end-to-end feedback,but In 2nd approaches,
the source adjusts its cell rate in responding to the feedback
information received from the network.
 Credit-Based Vs Rate-Based
Credit-Based approaches consist of per-link, per-VC window
flow control. Rate-Based approaches control the rate by which
the source can transmit
 Binary Feedback Vs Explicit Feedback
Binary Feedback uses on bit in the cell to indicate the elements
along the flow path is congested or not In Explicit Feedback,
the network tells the source exactly what rate is allowed for it
to send

Presented by :- Plaban Kumar Rout (EC200117047)

Technical Seminar Presentation - 2005

Conclusion
WATM has the potential to bring wireless networks a
new generation
The success of WATM will be highly relies on the success
of ATM/B-ISDN in wired networks
Both ATM and wireless communicates have put a lot of
attention on Wireless
This report introduced the concepts in congestion control
for ATM networks, and the specifications for ATM
Congestion Control ATM traffic control proposed by
ATM

Presented by :- Plaban Kumar Rout (EC200117047)