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UNIT 5-Application Layer(SECOND PART)

Pronaya Bhattacharya
Assistant Professor

PSIT-Information Technology) 7/22/19


FTP: the file transfer protocol

transfer file to/from remote host


client/server model
client: side that initiates transfer (either to/from remote)
server: remote host
ftp: RFC 959
ftp server: port 21

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FTP overview

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FTP:connections

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Opening the control connection

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Creating the data connection

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FTP: separate control, data connections

FTP client contacts FTP server at port 21, specifying TCP as


transport protocol
Client obtains authorization over control connection
Client browses remote directory by sending commands over control
connection.
When server receives a command for a file transfer, the server opens a
TCP data connection to client
After transferring one file, server closes connection.
Server opens a second TCP data connection to transfer another file.
Control connection: out of band
FTP server maintains state: current directory, earlier authentication

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Remote Login: Telnet

TELNET is a general-purpose client-server application program


TELNET enables the establishment of a connection to a remote system in
such a way that the local terminal appears to be a terminal at the remote
system.

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Figure:Local login

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Figure:Remote login

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NETWORK VIRTUAL TERMINAL(NVT CHARACTER SET)
The Network Virtual Terminal (NVT) is a representation of a basic terminal and provides a
standard that the computers on either end of a Telnet connection are assumed to follow. It
defines how data and commands are sent across the network. Thus, NVT allows
interoperability between Telnet and a variety of heterogeneous computers and operating
systems. It consists of a virtual keyboard that generates user-specified characters and a printer
that displays specific characters. Clients and servers can map their local devices to the
characteristics and handling conventions of an NVT and can assume that other servers and
clients are doing the same.

PSIT-Information Technology) 7/22/19


Network Management

Management = Initialization, Monitoring, Control


Today: automated, reliable diagnosis, and automatic control are still in a
primitive stage
Architecture: Manager, Agents and Management Information Base
(MIB)
Observe that management-plane has a new interface to the network
distinct from data and control-plane

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Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

SNMP is a framework for managing devices in an internet using the


TCP/IP protocol suit
A manager, usually a lost that, controls and monitor a set of
agents,usually routers
The manager is a host that runs the SNMP client program.
The agent is a router or host that runs the SNMP server
program

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MANAGEMENT COMPONENTS

SNMP requires the use of two other protocols:


1 Structure of Management Information (SMI) and
2 Management Information Base (MIB)

Network management on the Internet is done through the


cooperation of SNMP, SMI, and MIB.

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Management Information Base(MIB)

MIB is a second component used in network management


Each agent has its own MIB, a collection of all the objects that the
manager can manage.

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Figure:Management Information Base, version 2 (MIB2)

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X.25 Layers in Relation to the OSI Layers
Frame Relay
ATM Protocol Architecture

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