Learning Objectives:

A. elaborate the 5 essentials of

welding;
B.produce an output considering
the 5 essentials of welding; and
C. give the importance of knowing
the 5 essentials of welding.
What is Essential?
Absolutely
necessary;
extremely
important.
TELEROCED
ELECTRODE
 ELECTRODE
 Electrodes for SMAW range in diameter
from 3/32 to 3/16 of an inch. ¼ and 1/8
inch electrodes.
 9, 14 and 18-inch long
 Electrode diameter is based on the
thickness of the base metal, the
welding position and the type of joint to
be welded.
TEURCNR
CURRENT
 CURRENT
 Current is measured in amperes, or amps.
 Each type of electrode has recommended amperage
ranges for optimum performance
Amperage too high – The weld bead is wide and flat
with excessive penetration and spatter, and
undercutting frequently occurs along the toes.
Amperage too low -The weld bead will be irregular
with a crowned appearance and insufficient
penetration
 6013 80-130 amps , 6011-75-125 amps.
CURRENT
CAR LENGTH
ARC NLGETH
 ARC LENGTH
 Arc length is the distance from the tip
of the electrode core wire to the weld
puddle.
 The correct arc length varies
according to the electrode
classification, diameter and
composition of the flux coating, as well
as the amperage and welding position.
ARC LENGTH
TRAVEL ESPED
RLVTEA SPEED
 TRAVEL SPEED
 Travel speed is the rate at which the electrode
moves along the work. The key to correct travel
speed is “reading” the weld puddle.
 If you travel too fast, the ripples are pointed and
narrow with irregular penetration and undercut
along the toes.
 If you travel too slowly, the weld metal piles up
forming a high, wide weld-bead with too much
reinforcement that may result in overlap.
TRAVEL SPEED
ALNGE
ANGLE
 ANGLE
 In SMAW, angles are used to control
the shape of the weld puddle and the
amount of penetration. And it is
commonly 45* o less.
ANGLE
Each student will be
given 20 minutes to
do a stringer bead
and must strictly
observe the 5
essentials of welding
to make the welding
process successful
and accurate.
PERFORMANCE TASK
RUBRIC
ACCURACY 50%
TIMELINESS 20%
CLEANLINESS 20%
WORKING ATTITUDE 10%
SEATWORK
1. This is the rate at which the electrode moves
along the work.
2. This is used to control the shape of the weld
puddle and the amount of penetration.
3. The _____ measured in amperes, or amps.
4. This welding consumable vary in diameter
from 3/32 to 3/16 of an inch. ¼ and 1/8 inch
electrodes and 9, 14 and 18-inch long.
5. This is the distance from the tip of the
electrode core wire to the weld puddle.
ANSWER KEY

1. TRAVEL SPEED
2. ANGLE
3. CURRENT
4. ELECTRODE
5. ARC LENGTH
ASSIGNMENT

1. What is welding defect?

2. What are the types of welding
defects?
3. How welding effects affect
the welding output?