POSITIVIST

INSTITUTIONALSM
 INSTITUTIONALISM
It is an approach that highlights the role of
institutions, both formal and informal, in
affecting social behavior.
It was a reaction to prevailing strands of
thought in the late 19th century that ignored
institutions, historical context and practice
that gave way to wide-ranging
hypothesizing.
 NEW INSTITUTIONALISM (NI)
Emerged in the 1980s was regarded as a mere
restatement of old institutionalism.
It refers to an interaction of various institutions
within society, and how their dynamics, rules, and
norms determine the behavior and actions of
individuals.
It comes from old institutionalism which
concentrated on state or government and how its
various laws and practices are implemented to
citizens.
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Institutionalism made its debut in
American scholarship during the
late 19th and early 20th centuries
through the initiatives of
American institutional economists.
 THORSTEIN VEBLEN
An American economist and sociologist who was
leading figure who described the neoclassical
approach as being too focused on individuals.
In the mid-twentieth century, institutionalism found
its way to anthropology through the works of Karl
Polanyi, who argued that economic interactions
are historically dependent and can only be
understood in terms of their social context.
 CARL J. FRIEDRICH
Through him institutionalism made its
appearance in political science during the
mid-20th century.
He argued that constitutionalism was
exemplified by both a concern for individual
liberty and institutional agreements so that
the concentration of power may be avoided.
 CHESTER IRVING BARNARD
Through him institutionalism made its way to
sociology.
He argued that an organization is an intricate
system of collaboration and stressed the
need to comprehend individual behavior
that created it.
JAMES MARCH
JOHAN OLSEN
They argued that institutions themselves
are important as an indispensable variable
in political results and as an epitome of
standards and power relations.
Institutions meaning to such relations and
provide the context within which relation so
occur.
 KEY CONCEPTS
Institutions
Formal Institutions
Informal Institutions
INSTITUTIONS
According to Lace Professor Douglas
North, institutions are often referred to as
the “rules of the game”.
They are humanly-devised constraints that
affect human interaction, devised by
people to be able to gain control over
their environment for the purpose of
bringing about certainty in an uncertain
world.
 INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS

Refers to rules governing behavior outside

official channels (or formal institutions such
as government and the church), which
may have constitutive and regulative
effects on human behavior.
 FORMAL INSTITUTIONS

Refers to those officially established, often

by government.
They are legally regulate introduced and
enforced by the state.