The maternity Benefit Act 1961 protects the employment of woman

during the time of her maternity and entitles her of a `maternity

benefit`-i.e. full paid absence from work- to take care of her child. The
act is applicable to all establishments employing 10 or more
employees.
 KEY AMENDMENTS
• INCREASED PAID MATERNITY LEAVE
• MATERNITY LEAVE FOR ADOPTIVE AND
COMMISSIONING MOTHERS.

• WORK FROM HOME OPTION

CRECHE FACILTY
 LEGAL FRAMEWORK
• MTP Act specifies
I. Who can terminate the pregnancy
II. Till when a pregnancy can be terminated
III. Where can a pregnancy be terminated.

• MTP rules
Lays down training requirement, approval of a place, etc.
 Upto 20 weeks gestation.

With the consent of woman. If the

When can woman is below 18 years or is mentally
pregnancies ill, then with consent of guardian.

be With the opinion of registered medical

practitioner, formed in good faith under
terminated? certain circunstances.

Opinion of two RMPs required for

termination of pregnancy between 12
and 20 weeks.
 INDICATIONS
• Therapeutic: When woman life is in danger if
pregnancy is continued.

• Eugenic: When there is risk of child being born

with seious physical and mental abnormalities.

• Humanitarian: Pregnancy caused by rape.

• Social: failure of contraception in married

woman.

• Environmental: Poor economic status which

affects mother/ child health status.
 Medical: mifepristone and misoprotol

Dilatation and curettage (D&C)

Common Vaccum aspiration technique

methods
Intra-embryonic instillation of PG
of MTP
Extra-embryonic instillation of
hypertonic saline

Surgical
 A medical practitioner (RMP)

-Who has a
recognised medical
Who can qualification under the Indian
medical council act.
terminate a -Whose name has
pregnancy? been entered in the state
medical register and
-Who has such
experience in gynaecology and
obstetrics as per the MTP rule.
The Pre-conceptional and Pre-
natal Diagnostic Technique act
 DEFINATION
• Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic
Techniques (PCPNDT) Act, 1994 is an Act of
the Parliament of India enacted to stop female
feticides and arrest the declining sex ratio in
India. The act banned prenatal sex
determination.
 What is female feticide?

• It is defined as aborting a female foetus after

sex determination
• Ultra-sonography and fetoscopy helps
determine abnormalities in fetus. But is
misused to find out sex of the fetus and
abortion is done if it is a girl.
 Objective of this law
• Prohibit sex selection (before or after conception)

• Regulate pre- natal diagnostic techniques for

detecting genetic or metabolic disorders or
chromosomal anomalies or certain congenital mal-
formations or sex linked disorders.

• Prevent misuse of such techniques for the purpose of

sex determination or female foeticide.
 REGULATION OF
PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS

 TECHNIQUES
 PERSONS
 PLACES
 • USG
• Fetoscopy
• Sampling & analysis of
Amniotic fluid
Chorionic villi
Blood

DIAGNOSTIC
TECHNIQUES
 • Genetic councelling
PLACES • Genetic Clinic
• Genetic Laboratory
 An institute

Hospital
A. Genetic
Counselling Nursing home

Centre
Any place

By whatever name called which provide

genetic counselling to patients.
 A clinic

Institute

B. Genetic Hospital

Clinic Nursing home

Any place

by whatever name called which is used for

conducting pre-natal diagnostic procedures.
 A laboratory; and

C. Genetic Includes a place

Laboratory

Where facilities are provided for

conducting analysis or tests of
sample from genetic clinic for
pre-natal diagnostic test.
 Gynaecologist

Medical Geneticist

Paediatrician

PERSONS Registered Medical Practitioner

Laboratory technician

Radiologist

Sonologist or Imaging specialist

 Yes. As per law conduct of pre-natal
diagnostic technique is allowed only for
Does the the detection of:
• Chromosomal abnormalities
law allow • Genetic metabolic diseases
the • Haemoglobinopathies
• Sex-linked genetic diseases
conduct of • Inborn anomalies
• Other defects or diseases specified by
pndt? the central supervisory board.
 Techniques can be used or
conducted only when any of
the following conditions exist:
• Pregnant woman is above 35 years
When can • Pregnant woman has undergone 2 or
more spontaneous abortion or foetal
PNDT be loss.
• Pregnant woman has been exposed
conducted? to potentially teratogenic agents
• Radiation, infection, chemicals
• Pregnant woman or her spouse has a
family history of mental retardation
• Physical deformities such as spasticity
or any other genetic abnormalities.
 According to law, no person will conduct
the pre-natal diagnostic procedures
unless:
When can a
a) Explained all known side and after
person effects of the procedures to the
pregnant woman
conduct
b) Obtained her written consent to
PND undergo the procedures in the
procedures? language which she understands

c) Copy of her written consent is given

the pregnant woman