HYPOTHESIS

Prepared by: Minard B. Abenojar

HYPOTHESIS
 HYPOTHESIS
IS A TENTATIVE EXPLANATION OR
AN ANSWER TO A QUESTION
ABOUT VARIABLES, THEIR
RELATIONSHIP, AND OTHER FACTS
INVOLVED IN THE RESEARCH.
 HYPOTHESIS
IT IS AN INFERENTIAL THINKING THAT
MAKES YOU GUESS SOMETHING BASED
NOT ONLY ON WHATEVER EXPERIENCE
OR FACTUAL KNOWLEDGE YOU HAVE
ABOUT SUCH THING BUT ALSO ON
CONLUSIONS THAT WERE LOGICALLY
DRAWN BY OTHER RESEARCH STUDIES.
 Purposes of Hypotheses
1. They guide you on which aspect of the research
to focus on.
2. They provide opportunities to prove the
relationship between variables.
3. They give the right direction of the research
4. They outline your thoughts in your manner of
summarizing the results and of explaining the
conclusions.
5. They push for an empirical study to prove the
existence of relationship of variables and the
effects of IV on the DV.
 Categories of Hypothesis

Null Hypothesis: Symbolized by Ho, states

the absence of relationship between the
IV and DV.

Alternative Hypothesis: Symbolized by Hι,

the alternative hypothesis states the
relationship between the IV and DV and
the fact that the first affects the second
one.
 Bradford Categories of Hypotheis
1. Simple Hypothesis – predicts the
relationship between the DV and IV.
2. Complex Hypothesis – examines the
relationship of two or more DV and
IV.
3. Empirical Hypothesis – tests a belief
or an assumption through
experimentation and observation.
 Bradford Categories of Hypotheis
4. Logical Hypothesis – explains
something with insufficient evidence,
which paves the way to an empirical
hypothesis.
5. Statistical Hypothesis – examines
every individual composing a population
to prove whether or not the hypothesis
is true.
 Types of Hypothesis
1. Theory-driven vs. Data-driven
A hypothesis that is based on existing
theory to explain the relationship of
variables and the effects of one
variable on the variables is theory-
driven. But if it is based on the fidings
of previous research studies, it is a
data-driven hypothesis.
 Types of Hypothesis
2. Directional ( one-tailed) vs. Non-
directional ( two-tailed ) hypotheses
Directional hypotheses state the
relationship of two variables as well as of
the nature or characteristics of the
relationship of theses two variables. Non-
directional hypotheses, meanwhile, state the
relationship of variables but not on the
direction of the relationship.
 Types of Hypothesis
3. Descriptive vs. Causal hypotheses
A statement specifying the relationship between
two variables due to the influence of something is a
descriptive hypothesis, but if it is due to cause-
effect relationship, it is a causal hypothesis. True
experimental or Quasi-experimental research, such
as a correlation study, uses causal hypotheses and
non-experimental research uses descriptive
hypotheses.
 Guidelines in Formulating
Hypotheses
1. Express your hypotheses in a declarative sentence.
2. Support your hypotheses with ideas based on theories,
known facts, previous studies, or your experience and
wisdom.
3. Establish a logical relationship between the hypotheses
and the research problem.
4. Have your hypotheses predict the nature of relationship
between or among variables
5. Ascertain the possibility of having some means of testing,
analyzing, and investigating your hypotheses.
6. Avoid wordiness by using clear, exact, or specific language
in stating the hypotheses.
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